%0 Book %8 24.01.2017 %M 9011559 %T Your Spouse Is Fired! How Much Do You Care? %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 40 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.550849.de/diw_sp0891.pdf %+ Milena Nikolova, Sinem Ayhan %A Nikolova, Milena;Ayhan, Sinem;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This study is the first to provide a causal estimate of the subjective well-being effects of spousal unemployment at the couple level. Using German panel data on married and cohabiting partners for 1991-2013 and information on exogenous job termination induced by workplace closure, we show that spousal unemployment reduces the life satisfaction of indirectly-affected spouses. The impact is equally pronounced among female and male partners. Importantly, the results are not driven by an income effect, but likely reflect the psychological costs of unemployment. Our findings are robust to a battery of sensitivity checks and imply that public policy programs aimed at mitigating the negative consequences of unemployment need to consider within-couple spillovers. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 891 %K I31;J01;J65 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Familie und Netzwerke;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Wohlfahrtsanalyse;Wohlfahrtseffekt;Lebensqualität;Lebensstandard;Bevölkerungsökonomik;Liquidation %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/149806 %0 Book %8 17.01.2017 %M 9011539 %T Locus of Control and Investment in Training %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 48 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.550508.de/diw_sp0890.pdf %+ Marco Caliendo, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Helke Seitz, Arne Uhlendorff %A Caliendo, Marco;Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.;Seitz, Helke;Uhlendorff, Arne;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper extends standard models of work-related training by explicitly incorporating workers' locus of control into the investment decision. Our model both differentiates between general and specific training and accounts for the role of workers and firms in training decisions. Workers with an internal locus of control are predicted to engage in more general training than are their external co-workers because their subjective expected investment returns are higher. In contrast, we expect little relationship between specific training and locus of control because training returns largely accrue to firms rather than workers. We then empirically test the predictions of our model using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP). We find that, consistent with our model, locus of control is related to participation in general but not specific training. Moreover, we provide evidence that locus of control influences participation in general training through its effect on workers' expectations about future wage increases. Specifically, general training is associated with a much larger increase in the expected likelihood of receiving a future pay raise for those with an internal rather than external locus of control, while we do not find any relationship in the case of specific training. Actual post-training wages for those who receive general or specific training do not depend on locus of control. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 890 %K J24;C23;D84 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Bildung und Qualifikation;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Private Haushalte und Familien;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Weiterbildung;Berufsbildung;Humankapital;Betriebliche Ausbildung;Gehalt %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/149805 %0 Book %8 17.01.2017 %M 9011538 %T Trends in the German Income Distribution: 2005/06 to 2010/11 %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 43 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.550506.de/diw_sp0889.pdf %+ Martin Biewen, Martin Ungerer, Max Löffler %A Biewen, Martin;Ungerer, Martin;Löffler, Max;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X We analyze the potential influence of a number of factors on the distribution of equivalized net incomes in Germany over the period 2005/2006 to 2010/11. While income inequality considerably increased in the years before 2005/2006, this trendwas stopped after 2005/2006. Among many other factors, we consider the role of the employment boom and the development of inequality in wage incomes after 2005/2006. Our results suggest that, despite further increases in wage inequality, inequality in equivalized net incomes did not increase further after 2005/2006 because increased within-year employment opportunities compensated otherwise rising inequality in annual labour incomes. On the other hand, income inequality did not fall in a more marked way after 2005/2006 because also the middle and the upper part of the distribution benefitted from the employment boom. Other factors, such as changing household structures, population aging and changes in the tax and transfer system had no important effects on the distribution. Finally, we find little evidence that the distribution of equivalized net incomes was affected in any important way by the financial crisis and the subsequent great recession. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 889 %K C14;D31;I30 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;Makroökonomik;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Einkommensverteilung;Einkommensungleichheit;Vergleich;Deutschland ;Themenliste Zur Einkommenssituation privater Haushalte %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/149804 %0 Book %8 17.01.2017 %M 9011537 %T Response Error in a Web Survey and a Mailed Questionnaire: The Role of Cognitive Functioning %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 45 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.550493.de/diw_sp0888.pdf %+ Martin Kroh, Denise Lüdtke, Sandra Düzel, Florin Winter %A Kroh, Martin;Lüdtke, Denise;Düzel, Sandra;Winter, Florin;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Web-based interviewing is gradually replacing traditional modes of data collection, in particular telephone and mailed surveys. This global trend takes place despite the fact that established knowledge of its consequences on response error is incomplete. This paper studies differences between a web (CAWI) and a mailed version (MAIL) of a questionnaire in various forms of response error, namely item nonresponse, satisficing, person-reliability, and social desirable responding. We posit 1) that response error depends on respondents cognitive functioning, namely in the domains of global reading abilities, fluid intelligence, as well as working and episodic memory; and 2) that these effects differ across modes of data collection with generally higher prevalence in the CAWI mode since this mode is more demanding. The analysis builds on a randomized mode experiment implemented in the context of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II), a survey that primarily focuses on multidimensional processes of physical and mental aging (see Bertram et al. 2014). The analysis reveals a high impact of cognitive functioning at the various stages of the survey response process. While we do found moderate mode-differences in response error, such as higher item nonresponse rates in the CAWI mode, we did not find cognitive functioning to be a better predictor of response error in web-based interviewing. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 888 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Surveymethodik;Methodenforschung;Befragung;Kognitive Fähigkeiten;Internet;Methode %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/149803 %0 Book %8 17.01.2017 %M 9011536 %T Locus of Control and Mothers' Return to Employment %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 51 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.550488.de/diw_sp0887.pdf %+ Eva M. Berger, Luke Haywood %A Berger, Eva M.;Haywood, Luke;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper investigates the effect of locus of control (LOC) on the length of mothers’ employment break after childbirth. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), duration data reveals that women with an internal LOC return to employment more quickly than women with an external LOC.We find that this effect is particularly pronounced in jobs in which the penalties in terms of lower wage growth are highest. We thus argue that the effect of LOC on return is mainly related to differential appreciation of the career costs of longer maternity leave. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 887 %K J22;J24 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Erwerbstätigkeit;Arbeitsangebot;Humankapital;Mütter;Arbeitsmarkt;Arbeitswelt;Elternzeit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/149802 %0 Book %8 10.01.2017 %M 9011468 %T Entering Adulthood in a Recession Tempers Later Narcissism: But Only in Men %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 13 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.550212.de/diw_sp0886.pdf %+ Marius Leckelt, Mitja D. Back, Joshua D. Foster, Ross Hutteman, Garrett Jaeger, Jessica McCain, Jean M. Twenge, W. Keith Campbell %A Leckelt, Marius;Back, Mitja D.;Foster, Joshua D.;Hutteman, Roos;Jaeger, Garrett;McCain, Jessica;Twenge, Jean M.;Campbell, W. Keith;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X In a recent study, Bianchi (2014) showed that macroeconomic conditions (i.e. average unemployment rate) during the years of emerging adulthood (ages 18-25) are inversely related to adult narcissism. Fletcher (2015) called into question the robustness of the results and Grijalva et al. (2015) presented meta-analytic support for real gender differences in narcissism. Here we report combined results from five studies (N = 11,394) showing that the average unemployment rate during emerging adulthood indeed tempers later narcissism – but only in men. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 886 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Erwachsene;Persönlichkeit;Männer;Wirtschaftslage %0 Book %8 10.01.2017 %M 9011464 %T Validation of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire Short Scale (NARQ-S) in Convenience and Representative Samples %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 31 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.550208.de/diw_sp0884.pdf %+ Marius Leckelt, Eunike Wetzel, Tanja M. Gerlach, Robert A. Ackerman, Joshua D. Miller, William J. Chopik, Lars Penke, Katharina Geukes, Albrecht C. P. Küfner, Roos Hutteman, David Richter, Karl-Heinz Renner, Marc Allroggen, Courtney Brecheen, W. Keith Campbell, Igor Grossmann, Mitja D. Back %A Leckelt, Marius;Wetzel, Eunike;Gerlach, Tanja M.;Ackerman, Robert A.;Miller, Joshua D.;Chopik, William J.;Penke, Lars;Geukes, Katharina;Küfner, Albrecht C. P.;Hutteman, Roos;Richter, David;Renner, Karl-Heinz;Allroggen, Marc;Brecheen, Courtney;Campbell, W. Keith;Grossmann, Igor;Back, Mitja D.;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Due to increased empirical interest in narcissism across social sciences, there is a need for inventories that can be administered quickly while also reliably measuring both the agentic and antagonistic aspects of grandiose narcissism. In this study, we sought to validate the factor structure, provide representative descriptive data and reliability estimates, assess the reliability across the trait spectrum, and examine the nomological network of the short version (NARQ-S) of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (Back et al., 2013). We used data from a large convenience sample (total N = 11,937) as well as data from a large representative sample (total N = 4,433) that included responses to other narcissism measures as well as related constructs, including the other Dark Triad traits, Big Five personality traits, and self-esteem. Confirmatory factor analysis and Item Response Theory were used to validate the factor structure and estimate the reliability across the latent trait spectrum, respectively. Results suggest that the NARQ-S shows a robust factor structure and is a reliable and valid short measure of the agentic and antagonistic aspects of grandiose narcissism. We also discuss future directions and applications of the NARQ-S as a short and comprehensive measure of grandiose narcissism. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 884 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Surveymethodik;Methodenforschung;Private Haushalte und Familien %0 Book %8 10.01.2017 %M 9011465 %T Poverty Is a Public Bad: Panel Evidence from Subjective Well-Being Data %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 14 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.550210.de/diw_sp0885.pdf %+ Heinz Welsch, Philipp Biermann %A Welsch, Heinz;Biermann, Philipp;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Previous research has found that subjective well-being (SWB) is lower for individuals classified as being in poverty. Using panel data for 39,239 individuals living in Germany from 2005-2013, we show that people’s SWB is negatively correlated with the state-level poverty ratio while controlling for individual poverty status and poverty intensity. The negative relationship between aggregate poverty and SWB is more salient in the upper segments of the income distribution and is robust to controlling for the rate of unemployment and per capita GDP. The character of poverty as a public bad suggests that poverty alleviation is a matter not only of equity, but of efficiency. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 885 %K I31;I32;D60 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Private Haushalte und Familien;Soziales und Gesundheit;Lebenszufriedenheit;Armut;Panel;Einkommensverteilung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/149801 %0 Book %8 02.01.2017 %M 9011396 %T Helping with the Kids? How Family-Friendly Workplaces Affect Parental Well-Being and Behavior %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 30 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.549705.de/diw_sp0883.pdf %+ Verena Lauber, Johanna Storck %A Lauber, Verena;Storck, Johanna;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Despite political efforts, balancing work and family life is still challenging. This paper provides novel evidence on the effect of firm level interventions that seek to reduce the work-life conflict. The focus is on how a specific workplace policy, namely childcare support, affects the well-being, working time, and caring behavior of mothers with young children. We exploit the fact that since the mid 2000s an increasing number of employers have become proactive and implemented more family-friendly workplaces. These changes over time allow us to identify causal effects of childcare support using a difference-in-differences approach combined with matching. Based on a large panel dataset on families with children in Germany (FiD), we find evidence pointing to welfare enhancing effects of childcare support, as it strongly increases both childcare satisfaction and job satisfaction. In particular mothers who worked limited hours before the introduction, possibly due to constraints, increase their working time and use formal care more intensively. Satisfaction levels are also more strongly affected if mothers are career-orientated. In comparison, flexible work schedules, another family-friendly policy, only affect job satisfaction. Paternal well-being and behavior is not affected by the workplace policy. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 883 %K I31;J13;J22;J28 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Soziales und Gesundheit;Lebenszufriedenheit;Kinder;Arbeitsorganisation;Kinderbetreuung;Themenliste Kinderbetreuung - Familien- und Bildungspolitik;Arbeitsangebot;Zeitverwendung;Familie-Beruf %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/149800 %0 Book %8 19.12.2016 %M 9011339 %T Early Childhood Environment, Breastfeeding and the Formation of Preferences %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 28 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.549321.de/diw_sp0882.pdf %+ Armin Falk, Fabian Kosse %A Falk, Armin;Kosse, Fabian;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This study provides insights on the role of early childhood family environment within the process of preference formation. We start by presenting evidence showing that breastfeeding duration is a valid measure of the quality of early childhood environment. In the main analysis, we then investigate how early childhood environment affects the formation of fundamental economic preferences such as time, risk, and social preferences. In a sample of preschool children we find that longer breastfeeding duration is associated with higher levels of patience and altruism as well as a lower willingness to take risk. Repeating the analysis on a sample of young adults indicates that the observed pattern is replicable and persists into adulthood. Importantly, in both data sets our findings are robust when controlling for cognitive ability and parental socio-economic status. We can further rule out that the results are purely driven by nutritional effects of breastfeeding. Altogether, our findings strongly suggest that early childhood environment as measured by breastfeeding duration systematically and persistently affects preference formation. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 882 %K C91;D64;D90;D81;J13 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Private Haushalte und Familien;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Kinder;Themenliste Kinderbetreuung - Familien- und Bildungspolitik;Zeitverwendung;Altruismus;Kindheit;Ernährungsverhalten;Risikobereitschaft %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/149799 %0 Book %8 19.12.2016 %M 9011338 %T Between Life Cycle Model, Labor Market Integration and Discrimination: An Econometric Analysis of the Determinants of Return Migration %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 27 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.549319.de/diw_sp0881.pdf %+ Eric Schuss %A Schuss, Eric;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper studies the determinants of return migration by applying the Cox hazard model to longitudinal micro data from 1996 to 2012, including immigrants of a wide range of nationalities. The empirical results reveal the validity of the life cycle model of Migration Economics and a strong return probability decreasing effect of labor market integration and societal integration. Modeling non-proportional effects of qualification and social benefits supports the human capital thesis and supplies new insights with regard to the supranational European labor market and to development policy. At the beginning of residence highly qualified immigrants as well as immigrants obtaining social benefits display a rather high hazard ratio that, however, decreases each additional year of residence afterwards. Via survivor functions further remarkable results about non-proportional adverse selection effects and about the interaction between qualification and labor market integration can be found. Finally, the paper derives important policy implications from the empirical analysis with a special focus on the interface between public economics and development policy and on combining classical guest worker approaches with modern concepts of brain gain and the human capital hypothesis. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 881 %K C41;J61;O15 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Integration, Migration und Transnationalisierung;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Bildung und Qualifikation;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Migranten;Migration;Migrationspolitik;Arbeitsmarkt;Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung;Humankapital;Europapolitik;Regressionsanalyse %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/149798 %0 Book %8 13.12.2016 %M 9011312 %T Tracking and the Intergenerational Transmission of Education: Evidence from a Natural Experiment %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 45S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.548861.de/diw_sp0880.pdf %+ Simon Lange, Marten von Werder %A Lange, Simon;Werder, Marten von;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Proponents of tracking argue that the creation of more homogeneous classes increases effciency while opponents point out that tracking aggravates initial differences between students. We estimate the effects on the intergenerational transmission of education of a reform that delayed tracking by two years in one of Germany's federal states. While the reform had no effect on educational outcomes on average, it increased educational attainment among individuals with uneducated parents and decreased attainment among individuals with educated parents. The effect is driven entirely by changes in the gradient for males and to a large extent by an effect on the likelihood to complete the academic secondary track. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 880 %K I21;I24;I28;J62 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Bildung und Qualifikation;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;Private Haushalte und Familien;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Bildungseinrichtung;Bildungschancen;Bildungspolitik;Bildungsökonomik;Familienökonomik %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/148552 %0 Book %8 13.12.2016 %M 9011311 %T Why Has Income Inequality in Germany Increased from 2002 to 2011? A Behavioral Microsimulation Decomposition %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 29 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.548859.de/diw_sp0879.pdf %+ Robin Jessen %A Jessen, Robin;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X I propose a method to decompose changes in income inequality into the contributions of policy changes, wage rate changes, and population changes while considering labor supply reactions. Using data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), I apply this method to decompose the increase in income inequality in Germany from 2002 to 2011, a period that saw tax reductions and a controversial overhaul of the transfer system. The simulations show that tax and transfer reforms have had an inequality reducing effect as measured by the Mean Log Deviation and the Gini coefficient. For the Gini, these effects are offset by labor supply reactions. In contrast, policy changes explain part of the increase in the ratio between the 90th and the 50th income percentile. Changes in wage rates have led to a decrease in income inequality. Thus, the increase in inequality was mainly due to changes in the population. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 879 %K D31;I38;J31 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Einkommensungleichheit;Arbeitsangebot;Arbeitskräfte;Mikrosimulation;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/148557 %0 Book %8 12.12.2016 %M 9011286 %T Subjective Completion Beliefs and the Demand for Post-Secondary Education %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 47 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.548683.de/diw_sp0878.pdf %+ Johannes S. Kunz, Kevin E. Staub %A Kunz, Johannes S.;Staub, Kevin E.;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X The outcome of pursuing an upper or post-secondary education degree is uncertain. A student might not complete a chosen degree for a number of reasons, such as insufficient academic preparation or financial constraints. Thus, when considering whether to invest in post-secondary education, students must factor their probability of completing the degree into their decision. We study the role of this uncertainty in education choices using representative survey data from Germany. Students' subjective beliefs about the probability of completing a post-secondary education were elicited prior to them finishing their secondary education. We relate these subjective completion probabilities to students' subsequent education choices and outcomes. We find that these early beliefs are predictive of intentions to invest in education, actual subsequent investments in education, and degree completion. A structural choice model of sequential investment further reveals that the association between completion beliefs and investment choices is strongest for students with low academic skills and low preferences for post-secondary education. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 878 %K I21;I26;J24 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Bildung und Qualifikation;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Bildungswesen;Analyse;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Humankapital;Berufsausbildung;Soziales und Gesundheit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/148556 %0 Book %8 05.12.2016 %M 9011257 %T Heterogeneity in Price Responsiveness for Residential Space Heating in Germany %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 23 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.548300.de/diw_sp0877.pdf %+ Hendrik Schmitz, Reinhard Madlener %A Schmitz, Hendrik;Madlener, Reinhard;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Space heating and hot water expenditures make up the majority of household energy demand in Germany, at 83.2%, making them an attractive target for energy policies. Using a panel dataset derived from yearly residential household surveys covering the years 1996 to 2014, we identify the determinants of heating expenditures for German households. We discover significant heterogeneity in expenditures depending on socioeconomic variables. For the full sample, we find a price elasticity of heating expenditures of 0.629. Elasticities vary significantly between individual groups, with values ranging from 0.523 to 0.716. Furthermore, a large number of technical and socio-demographic factors are significant in determining energy use. Our findings have implications for evaluating the effectiveness of policy measures that aim at influencing energy use across different groups of consumers. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 877 %K C23;D12;Q41 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Zeitverwendung und Umweltverhalten;SOEP Wohnen, Ausstattung und Leistungen privater HH;Ökonometrisches Modell;Panel;Verbraucher;Konsumentenverhalten;Energieökonomik;Angebot;Nachfrage;Bauen und Wohnen;Heizungsanlage %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/148555 %0 Book %8 30.11.2016 %M 9011237 %T On the Interpretation of Non-cognitive Skills: What Is Being Measured and Why It Matters %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 34 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.548106.de/diw_sp0876.pdf %+ John Eric Humphries, Fabian Kosse %A Humphries, John Eric;Kosse, Fabian;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Across academic sub-fields such as labor, education, and behavioral economics, the measurement and interpretation of non-cognitive skills varies widely. As a result, it is difficult to compare results on the importance of non-cognitive skills across literatures. Drawing from these literatures, this paper systematically relates various prototypical non-cognitive measures within one data set. Specifically, we estimate and compare several different strategies for measuring non-cognitive skills. For each, we compare their relative effectiveness at predicting educational success and decompose what is being measured into underlying personality traits and economic preferences. We demonstrate that the construction of the non-cognitive factor greatly influences what is actually measured and what conclusions are reached about the role of non-cognitive skills in life outcomes such as educational attainment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, while sometimes difficult to interpret, factors extracted from self-reported behaviors can have predictive power similar to well established taxonomies, such as the Big Five. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 876 %K J24;I20;D03;D90 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Bildung und Qualifikation;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Private Haushalte und Familien;Persönlichkeit;Bildungsertrag;Bildungsforschung;Wissen %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/148554 %0 Book %8 24.11.2016 %M 9011215 %T Worker Personality: Another Skill Bias beyond Education in the Digital Age %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 43 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.547709.de/diw_sp0875.pdf %+ Eckhardt Bode, Stephan Brunow, Ingrid Ott, Alina Sorgner %A Bode, Eckhardt;Brunow, Stephan;Ott, Ingrid;Sorgner, Alina;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X We present empirical evidence suggesting that technological progress in the digital age will be biased not only with respect to skills acquired through education but also with respect to noncognitive skills (personality). We measure the direction of technological change by estimated future digitalization probabilities of occupations, and noncognitive skills by the Big Five personality traits from several German worker surveys. Even though we control extensively for education and experience, we find that workers characterized by strong openness and emotional stability tend to be less susceptible to digitalization. Traditional indicators of human capital thus measure workers’ skill endowments only imperfectly. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 875 %K C25;J24;O33 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Persönlichkeit;Technologie;Deutschland ;Arbeiter;Regressionsanalyse;Qualifikation %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/148553 %0 Book %8 03.11.2016 %M 9011104 %T Methodenmix hilft beim Finden und Auswählen von sozialen Indikatoren: Anmerkungen zur Methodik des Regierungsprojektes "Gut leben in Deutschland" %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 27 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.546442.de/diw_sp0874.pdf %+ Gert G. Wagner %A Wagner, Gert G.;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Dieser Beitrag entstand im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Beratung des Regierungsprojektes „Gut leben in Deutschland“, das von 2014 bis 2016 lief und das vorläufig mit einem Bericht der Bundesregierung zur „Lebensqualität in Deutschland“ abgeschlossen wurde (Bundesregierung 2016a, b; vgl. auch zum Beispiel Jochimsen und Raffer 2014, Sachverständigenrat 2013, Tiemann und Wagner 2013b, Dullien und van Treeck 2012, sowie van Suntum 2012). Im folgenden Beitrag geht es um ein wichtiges Detail des Regierungsberichtes zur Lebensqualität, nämlich um das finden und auswählen von konkreten Indikatoren, die die Lebensqualität in Deutschland beschreiben. Dabei wird sich (im Grunde wenig überraschend) zeigen, dass zwar der Wunsch von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern wie Politikerinnen und Politikern gut verständlich ist, die Lebenswirklichkeit differenzierter zu beschreiben als dies mit Hilfe einer einzigen Maßzahl, etwa dem Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP), möglich ist. Aber umso schwerer ist es die (sozialen) Indikatoren tatsächlich konkret auszuwählen, die für eine differenzierte (oder gar umfassende) Beschreibung der relevanten Wirklichkeit notwendig sind. Nach einigen wenigen grundsätzlichen Überlegungen in Abschnitt 1 werden in Abschnitt 2 verschiedene Methoden zur „Relevanzermittlung“ kurz vorgestellt. In den Abschnitten 3 und 4 werden verschiedene Formen der Relevanzermittlung auf Deutschland angewendet und die Ergebnisse werden dargestellt. Abschnitt 5 zieht schließlich Schlussfolgerungen für das Projekt „Gut leben in Deutschland“ und darüber hinaus. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 874 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Surveymethodik;Soziales und Gesundheit;Methodenforschung;Methode;Statistische Methode;Statistikanwendung;Statistik;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/147546 %0 Book %8 03.11.2016 %M 9011103 %T All We Need is Love? Trade-Adjustment, Inequality, and the Role of the Partner %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 32 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.546438.de/diw_sp0873.pdf %+ Katrin Huber, Erwin Winkler %A Huber, Katrin;Winkler, Erwin;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X We examine the distributional effect of Germany’s trade integration with China and Eastern Europe and show that there are considerable differences between the household level and the individual level impact. The trade shock increased inequality of individual earnings. At the household level, however, about 40% of this distributional effect is reduced by a simple insurance effect that occurs if partners within married and unmarried couples are differently affected by the trade shock. The insurance effect is substantial since the trade shock had a large variation across industries and 80% of individuals within couples are employed in different industries. Our analysis also reveals that many workers who individually benefit from the trade shock turn into ’losers’ at the household level because they have a partner who experiences a strong negative impact. All in all, this paper suggests that a household level perspective is essential in order to understand the exact distributional consequences of globalization. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 873 %K J31;F16 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;Private Haushalte und Familien;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Soziale Sicherung;Lohnniveau;Lohnstruktur;Arbeitsmarkt %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/147545 %0 Book %8 27.10.2016 %M 9011072 %T Panel-basierte Mixed-Methods-Studien: Design, Feldzugang, Potentiale und Herausforderungen am Beispiel der Studie "Das Erwachsenwerden der Nachkommen von GastarbeiterInnen in Deutschland" %G Deutsch %D 2016 %P 40 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.545971.de/diw_sp0872.pdf %+ Nicolas Legewie, Ingrid Tucci %A Legewie, Nicolas;Tucci, Ingrid;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Mixed-Methods-Studien erfreuen sich wachsender Beliebtheit. Immer mehr Studien nutzen dabei auch Panel-basierte Mixed-Methods-Designs, in denen bestehende Längsschnittstudien durch qualitative Befragungsformen ergänzt werden. Innerhalb der reichhaltigen Veröffentlichungen zum Thema Mixed-Methods-Forschung finden sich bisher aber kaum Diskussionen solcher Mixed-Methods-Designs. Im vorliegenden Artikel diskutieren wir Design, Durchführung, sowie Potenzialeund Herausforderungen von Panel-basierten Mixed-Methods-Studien. Dabei stützen wir uns auf ein DFG-gefördertes Mixed-Methods-Projekt zur Analyse des Erwachsenwerdens von MigrantInnennachkommen in Deutschland auf Basis des SOEP. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 872 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Integration, Migration und Transnationalisierung;SOEP Surveymethodik;Methodenforschung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Migranten;Lebensverlauf;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/147544 %0 Book %8 27.10.2016 %M 9011071 %T Refuting the Cliché of the Distrustful Manager %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 42 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.545957.de/diw_sp0871.pdf %+ Sabine Hommelhoff, David Richter %A Hommelhoff, Sabine;Richter, David;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Although trust is fundamental to social and organizational functioning, the media often portray managers as distrusting, suggesting that distrust of others is a typical personality variable of successful leaders. This study puts the cliché of the distrustful manager to the test. Both selfreport data (N = 32,926) and behavioral data (N = 924) from the German Socio-Economic Panel refute this cliché. Analyses reveal that individuals in managerial positions neither show a lower level of trust before, nor a systematic reduction in trust after attaining such positions. Moreover, analyses demonstrate that managers are generally more trusting than non-managers. This selection effect implies that individuals who trust others are more successful in achieving managerial positions than their less trusting counterparts. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 871 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Vertrauen;Führungskräfte %0 Book %8 27.10.2016 %M 9011070 %T Unfair Pay and Health %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 30 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.545955.de/diw_sp0870.pdf %+ Armin Falk, Fabian Kosse, Ingo Menrath, Pablo E. Verde, Johannes Siegrist %A Falk, Armin;Kosse, Fabian;Menrath, Ingo;Verde, Pablo Emilio;Siegrist, Johannes;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper investigates physiological responses to perceptions of unfair pay. We use an integrated approach exploiting complementarities between controlled lab and representative panel data. In a simple principal-agent experiment agents produce revenue by working on a tedious task. Principals decide how this revenue is allocated between themselves and their agents. Throughout the experiment we record agents' heart rate variability, which is an indicator of stress-related impaired cardiac autonomic control, and which has been shown to predict coronary heart disease in the long-run. Our findings establish a link between unfair payment and heart rate variability. Building on these findings, we further test for potential adverse health effects of unfair pay using observational data from a large representative panel data set. Complementary to our experimental findings we show a strong and significant negative association between unfair pay and health outcomes, in particular cardiovascular health. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %7 Updated Version 2016 %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 870 %K C91;D03;D63;I14 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einkommen und Armut;Private Haushalte und Familien;SOEP Gesundheit und Pflege;Soziale Ungleichheit;Soziales und Gesundheit;Gesundheit;Experiment;Gerechtigkeit;Lohnstruktur %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/147542 %0 Book %8 17.10.2016 %M 9011025 %T The Effect of Face-to-Face Interviewing on Personality Measurement %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 12 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.545143.de/diw_sp0869.pdf %+ Luisa Hilgert, Martin Kroh, David Richter %A Hilgert, Luisa;Kroh, Martin;Richter, David;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X In recent years, an increasing number of nationally representative surveys in the social sciences and economics have implemented the Big Five model of personality. While many personality inventories were originally developed in the context of self-administered questionnaires, they are often used by large surveys in face-to-face interview settings instead. Drawing on an experimental research design, we studied the effect of this switch in the method of data collection on measurement invariance as well as measurement error and interviewer effects in the Innovation Sample of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP-IS). Although in some cases we found slightly stronger associations between interviewer and respondent personality in face-to-face settings, the results generally suggested strict measurement invariance–and therefore full comparability–across methods of data collection. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 869 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Surveymethodik;Methodenforschung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Persönlichkeit;Befragung;Interview;Panel %0 Book %8 17.10.2016 %M 9011024 %T The Development and Happiness of Very Young Children %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 39 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.545107.de/diw_sp0868.pdf %+ Paul Anand, Laurence Roope %A Anand, Paul;Roope, Laurence;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X The paper demonstrates how Sen’s (1985) alternative approach to welfare economics can be used to shed light on the wellbeing of very young children. More specifically, we estimate versions of the three key relations from his framework using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP, 2012) Survey. Our primary models provide evidence that skills are related to involvement in cognate activities with a parent, indicating a behavioural relationship between capabilities and activities which is not explicit in Sen’s original set-up, but is key to the development and happiness of young children. A second set of models indicates that the daily activities of very young children are related to household income but that in some cases the association with parenting inputs is stronger. Thirdly, we report happiness regressions for the children which seem to suggest that shopping and reading are valued but that their distribution is limited in some cases – probably either by household income or parental education. Across the piece, we find that the number of siblings is negatively related to activity involvement with parents, as hypothesised by Becker, but positively related to everyday, motor and social skills. Combined with evidence from other studies, we conclude that the capability approach provides a useful framework for understanding the economics of wellbeing across the entire life course. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 868 %K D60;I31;J13 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Private Haushalte und Familien;Soziales und Gesundheit;Lebenszufriedenheit;Kinder %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/147540 %0 Book %8 20.09.2016 %M 9010901 %T The Influence of Personality Traits on Private Retirement Savings in Germany %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 44 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.542730.de/diw_sp0867.pdf %+ Konrad C. Schäfer %A Schäfer, Konrad C.;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper analyzes private retirement savings, the amount for German individuals and how these savings are influenced by personality traits. With the 2002 to 2009 cross section of the Socio-Economic Panel for Germany (SOEP), it is investigated how the Big-Five and the Locus of Control influence the decision to have private retirement savings, and the estimated amount of these savings. Results indicate a positive effect for Extraversion and a negative effect for Agreeableness on the probability to have such savings. Extraversion also positively effects the size of retirement related savings as does having an more internal Locus of Control. Similar to the probability to have retirement savings Agreeableness also reduces the expected amount of such savings. Personality traits only seem to influence the retirement savings if the individual has scores further away from the average of the specific trait. Additionally regressions are implemented that include the personality measures as dummies to allow for non-linear effects. Furthermore, other types of wealth accumulation such as house related savings are investigated to study how the effects might differ for different types of wealth accumulation. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 867 %K C34;C35;J26;J32 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Soziales und Gesundheit;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Ökonometrie;Ökonometrisches Modell;Verteilung;Verteilungstheorie;Regressionsanalyse;Rentner;Private Altersvorsorge;Persönlichkeitspsychologie;Deutschland ;Private Haushalte und Familien %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146892 %0 Book %8 14.09.2016 %M 9010884 %T The Anticipation and Adaptation Effects of Intra- and Interpersonal Wage Changes on Job Satisfaction %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 31 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.542356.de/diw_sp0866.pdf %+ Patric Diriwächter, Elena Shvartsman %A Diriwächter, Patric;Shvartsman, Elena;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper analyses how individual job satisfaction is affected by wage changes. In order to account for potential dynamic effects of wage changes on job satisfaction, we include lead and lag effects of income changes in our analysis. Furthermore, we examine the role of social comparisons, i.e., how an individual’s job satisfaction is driven not only by changes in his wages, but also by the size of these changes relative to wage changes within his reference group. Results from an individual fixed effects regression indicate that wage increases have a statistically significant positive effect on job satisfaction. This effect exhibits a dynamic pattern. We observe an anticipation effect of a positive wage change, i.e., individuals are more satisfied with their job one year ahead of the wage increase. Also, we find statistically significant positive, but declining effects on job satisfaction four years after the wage increase, i.e., partial adaptation. We find that an additional increase in job satisfaction is obtained when the individual’s wage increase exceeds the average wage increase for his reference group. However, this effect does not appear to persist, as it is only statistically significant in the first period after the wage change. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 866 %K J28;M50;M52 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Arbeitszufriedenheit;Lohn;Vergütungssystem %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146891 %0 Book %8 14.09.2016 %M 9010877 %T The Long-Term Costs of Government Surveillance: Insights from Stasi Spying in East Germany %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 60 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.542280.de/diw_sp0865.pdf %+ Andreas Lichter, Max Löffler, Sebastian Siegloch %A Lichter, Andreas;Löffler, Max;Siegloch, Sebastian;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Despite the prevalence of government surveillance systems around the world, causal evidence on their social and economic consequences is lacking. Using county-level variation in the number of Stasi informers within Socialist East Germany during the 1980s and accounting for potential endogeneity, we show that more intense regional surveillance led to lower levels of trust and reduced social activity in post-reunification Germany. We also find substantial and long-lasting economic effects of Stasi spying, resulting in lower self-employment, higher unemployment and larger out-migration throughout the 1990s and 2000s. We further show that these effects are due to surveillance and not alternative mechanisms. We argue that our findings have important implications for contemporary surveillance systems. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 865 %K H11;N34;N44;P20 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;Private Haushalte und Familien;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Deutsche Demokratische Republik;Vertrauen;Spionage;Migration;Arbeitslosigkeit;Soziales Netzwerk %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146890 %0 Book %8 14.09.2016 %M 9010876 %T Towards a Theory of Life Satisfaction: Accounting for Stability, Change and Volatility in 25-Year Life Trajectories in Germany %G Englisch %D 2016 %P [46 S.] %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.542265.de/diw_sp0864.pdf %+ Bruce Headey, Ruud Muffels %A Headey, Bruce;Muffels, Ruud;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X An adequate theory of Life Satisfaction (LS) needs to take account of both factors that tend to stabilise LS and those that change it. The most widely accepted theory in the recent past – set-point theory – focussed solely on stability (Brickman and Campbell, 1971; Lykken and Tellegen, 1996). That theory is now regarded as inadequate by most researchers, given that national panel surveys in several Western countries show that substantial minorities of respondents have recorded large, long term changes in LS (Sheldon and Lucas, 2014). In this paper we set out a preliminary revised theory, based mainly on analysis of the LS trajectories of the 2473 respondents in the German Socio-Economic Panel who reported their LS for 25 consecutive years in 1990-2014. The theory entails three sets of propositions in which we attempt to account for stability, change and also volatility. First, it is proposed that stability is primarily due to stable personality traits, and also to parental influence on LS. The second set of propositions indicates that medium and long term changes are due to differences and changes in personal values/life priorities and behavioural choices. Differences in the priority given to pro-social values, family values and materialistic values affect LS, as do behavioural choices relating to one’s partner, physical exercise, social participation and networks, church attendance, and the balance between work and leisure. Changes in health and domain satisfactions can also substantially change LS. Medium term change is reinforced by two-way causation – positive feedback loops – between behavioural choices, domain satisfactions and LS. The third set of propositions breaks new ground in seeking to explain inter-individual differences in the volatility/variability of LS over time; why some individuals display high volatility and others low, even though their mean level of LS may change little over 25 years. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 864 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;Private Haushalte und Familien;Soziales und Gesundheit;Panel;Lebenszufriedenheit;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146889 %0 Book %8 14.09.2016 %M 9010875 %T Who Buffers Income Losses after Job Displacement? The Role of Alternative Income Sources, the Family, and the State %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 35 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.542261.de/diw_sp0863.pdf %+ Daniel Fackler, Eva Hank %A Fackler, Daniel;Hank, Eva;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Using survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) this paper analyses to what extent alternative income sources, reactions within the household context, and redistribution by the state attenuate earnings losses after job displacement. Applying propensity score matching and fixed effects estimations, we find high individual earnings losses after job displacement and only limited convergence. Income from self-employment slightly reduces the earnings gap and severance payments buffer losses in the short run. On the household level, we find substantial and rather persistent losses in per capita labour income. We do not find that increased labour supply by other household members contributes to the compensation of the income losses. Most importantly, our results show that redistribution within the tax and transfer system substantially mitigates income losses of displaced workers both in the short and the long run whereas other channels contribute only little. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 863 %K D10;I38;J63;J65 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;Private Haushalte und Familien;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Haushaltseinkommen;Panel;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146888 %0 Book %8 25.08.2016 %M 9010761 %T Die Angst der Mittelschicht vor dem sozialen Abstieg revisited: eine Längsschnittanalyse 1984-2014 %G Deutsch %D 2016 %P 30 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.541642.de/diw_sp0862.pdf %+ Holger Lengfeld, Jessica Ordemann %A Lengfeld, Holger;Ordemann, Jessica;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Many studies have shown that in recent years, the fear of falling has increased in the German middle class. In this paper, it will be investigated how these worries have developed over an extended period of 30 years. A longitudinal analysis will be carried out using data gathered from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) between the years 1984 and 2014. We analyse fears of job loss indicating the fear of falling from a maximum of 49,102 people in work (comprising 286,049 observations). The descriptive trend analyses and random effects regressions reveal that from the beginning of the observation period up to the year 2005, the fear of job loss had risen in all social classes, but was at its strongest for the central middle class. For the period between 2006 and 2014, however, the fear of falling reduced significantly in all classes. Despite the European economic crisis in 2009, the level of fears in almost all classes at the end of the observation period in 2014 was at the same low-point as in 1991. During this period the level of fear reduced at its greatest rate in the central middle class in comparison to all other classes.correlation. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 862 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Soziales und Gesundheit;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Angst;Soziale Schicht;Soziale Lage;Soziale Mobilität;Analyse;Deutschland ;Themenliste Zur Einkommenssituation privater Haushalte;Mittelschicht %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146117 %0 Book %8 01.09.2016 %M 9010794 %T Losing Work, Moving away? Regional Mobility after Job Loss %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 30 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.541818.de/diw_sp0861.pdf %+ Daniel Fackler, Lisa Rippe %A Fackler, Daniel;Rippe, Lisa;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Using German survey data, we investigate the relationship between involuntary job loss and regional mobility. Our results show that job loss has a strong positive effect on the propensity to relocate. We also analyze whether the high and persistent earnings losses of displaced workers can in part be explained by limited regional mobility. Applying an event study approach, which controls for worker fixed effects, our findings do not support this conjecture as we find substantial long lasting earnings losses for both movers and stayers. In the short run, movers even face slightly higher losses, but the differences between the two groups of displaced workers are never statistically significant. This challenges whether migration is a beneficial strategy in case of involuntary job loss. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 861 %K J61;J63 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Integration, Migration und Transnationalisierung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Deutschland ;Regionale Mobilität;Arbeitslosigkeit;Einkommen %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146116 %0 Book %8 11.08.2016 %M 9010697 %T Caring Alone? Social Capital and the Mental Health of Caregivers %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 31 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.541139.de/diw_sp0860.pdf %+ Lars Thiel %A Thiel, Lars;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This study analyzes the role of social capital in buffering the negative relationship between informal-care provision and mental health. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and fixed-effect regression models, we show that those individuals who socialize more frequently enjoy better mental health. We also find that stronger social ties moderate the negative association between caregiving and mental well-being. The protective role of social capital appears to be particularly strong for caregivers with high time commitments or those who regularly perform voluntary work. The moderating role of social activities can neither be explained by the caregiver's observed characteristics correlated with social capital, nor by features of the caregiving process. However, the results might be driven by insuficient overlap in covariates between carers and non-carers, and the simultaneity between caring decisions and social activities. We relate our results to recent policy initiatives that aim to improve the carer's well-being. Utilization of caregiver-support services is still rather low. Our findings suggest that caregivers may prefer informal support provided by family, friends, or neighbors to public caregiver benefits. To corroborate this hypothesis, further research regarding the (causal) buffering effects of social capital in the context of informal care is needed. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 860 %K I10;J14;Z13 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Gesundheit;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Soziales und Gesundheit;Private Haushalte und Familien;Gesundheit;Pflegedienst %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146115 %0 Book %8 08.08.2016 %M 9010676 %T Arbeitszeitrealitäten und Arbeitszeitwünsche in Deutschland: methodische Unterschiede ihrer Erfassung im SOEP und Mikrozensus %G Deutsch %D 2016 %P 28 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.540889.de/diw_sp0859.pdf %+ Elke Holst, Julia Bringmann %A Holst, Elke;Bringmann, Julia;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Die Debatte um Arbeitszeiten und deren Regulierung wird in der deutschen Öffentlichkeit erneut geführt. Empirische Grundlage sind dabei häufig Studien auf Basis des Mikrozensus oder des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP), die teilweise erhebliche Unterschiede in ihren Ergebnissen aufweisen (Rengers 2015, Holst/Wieber 2014). In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird den Ursachen für diese Unterschiede nachgegangen. Eine Anpassung der SOEP-Daten an die Strukturder Beschäftigtengruppen des Mikrozensus und den Definitionen und Abgrenzungen von Rengers (2015) führt nur teilweise zu einer Annäherung der Ergebnisse. Erst Berechnungen zu „potenziellen“ Auswirkungen von Unterschieden in den Erhebungsinstrumenten geben entscheidende Hinweise. So kommen wir zu der Einschätzung, dass mit dem Mikrozensus der Anteil der Überbeschäftigten und damit einhergehend der Anteil der Erwerbstätigen mit Arbeitszeitdiskrepanzen insgesamt eher unterschätzt wird. Im SOEP werden die Arbeitszeitwünsche bezogen auf Nebenerwerbstätigkeit nicht spezifisch erfasst. In welchem Maße dies die Arbeitszeitdiskrepanzen beeinflusst, bleibt noch offen. Die Ergebnisse auf Basis des SOEP dürften eher eine Obergrenze darstellen. In beiden Surveys ist bei den Fragen zur gewünschten Arbeitszeit zudem noch zu klären, (1) inwieweit die Aufforderung zur Verdienstanpassung überlesen oder sogar missverstanden wird, (2) inwieweit auch zukünftige Zeiträume bei der Beantwortung mitgedacht und (3) inwiefern vereinbarte oder tatsächliche Arbeitszeit als Ankerpunkte gewählt werden. %X There is renewed public debate in Germany on working hours and their regulation. Often studies using data from the Mikrozensus or Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) provide the empirical basis for discussion, but the two studies differ—in some cases substantially—in their results (Rengers 2015, Holst/Wieber 2014). This article looks at the reasons for these differences. Adapting SOEP data to the structure of employee groups in the Mikrozensus and the definitions proposed by Rengers (2015) would overcome only some of the differences. Our initial estimates of the potential impacts of differences in the survey instruments provide important insights. We conclude that the Mikrozensus tends to underestimate the percentage of overemployed workers and thus also underestimates the overall percentage of employed people with discrepancies in working hours. The SOEP does not ask respondents specifically about desired working hours in relation to their employment in second jobs. To what extent this affects the discrepancies in working hours remains unclear. Results based on the SOEP probably represent an upper limit. In both surveys, the questions on desired working hours should also be adapted to address: (1) the extent to which earnings adjustments are being overlooked or misunderstood, (2) the extent to which future plans are being taken into consideration in survey responses, and (3) the extent to which agreed or actual working hours are being selected as anchor points for more or fewer desired working hours. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 859 %K C83;J00;J01;J08;J21;J22 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Surveymethodik;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeitszeitgestaltung;Arbeitszeit;Arbeitszufriedenheit;Mikrozensus;Unterbeschäftigung;Methode %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146114 %0 Book %8 01.08.2016 %M 9010636 %T The Host with the Most? The Effects of the Olympic Games on Happiness %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 48 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.540536.de/diw_sp0858.pdf %+ Paul Dolan, Georgios Kavetsos, Christian Krekel, Dimitris Mavridis, Robert Metcalfe, Claudia Senik, Stefan Szymanski, Nicolas R. Ziebarth %A Dolan, Paul;Kavetsos, Georgios;Krekel, Christian;Mavridis, Dimitris;Metcalfe, Robert;Senik, Claudia;Szymanski, Stefan;Ziebarth, Nicolas R.;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X We show that hosting the Olympic Games in 2012 had a positive impact on the life satisfaction and happiness of Londoners during the Games, compared to residents of Paris and Berlin. Notwithstanding issues of causal inference, the magnitude of the effects is equivalent to moving from the bottom to the fourth income decile. But they do not last very long: the effects are gone within a year. These conclusions are based on a novel panel survey of 26,000 individuals who were interviewed during the summers of 2011, 2012, and 2013, i.e. before, during, and after the event. The results are robust to selection into the survey and to the number of medals won. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 858 %K I30;I31;I38;L83;Z20;Z28 %K Wirtschaftszweige;Soziales und Gesundheit;Lebenszufriedenheit;Glücksforschung;Experiment;Sport;Sportökonomik;Lebensqualität;Wohlfahrtseffekt;Sozialpolitik;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146113 %0 Book %8 01.08.2016 %M 9010635 %T Income and Wealth Poverty in Germany %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 48 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.540534.de/diw_sp0857.pdf %+ Theresa Köhler %A Köhler, Theresa;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X In general, poverty measures are estimated by applying income information. However, only using income data for calculating relative poverty might lead to an incomplete view. For example, a household can be under a poverty threshold even if a household member owns real estate or equity. In this thesis, at risk of income poverty in Germany is estimated. In order to get a more complete picture of at risk of poverty, a multidimensional approach is applied. Not only at risk of income poverty, also at risk of wealth poverty is measured. Moreover, households that are both at risk of income and wealth poor are analyzed. Furthermore, several poverty groups are identified: twice-poor which are households that are, at risk of income and wealth poverty; protected-poor, households that are at risk of income poverty but not at risk of wealth poverty; vulnerable-poor, households which are at risk of wealth poverty but not at risk of income poverty; non-poor, households which are either at risk of income poverty nor at risk of wealth poverty. Poverty profiles in Germany and their changes over time are analyzed for the years 2002, 2007 and 2012. In fact, it is investigated to which degree at risk of poverty rates differ in socio-economic characteristics. A logit regression is applied for each dimension and each wave for estimation. For robustness checks, 95 percent bootstrap confidence intervals are calculated for all results. Findings suggest that young age, region East Germany, single, lone parent, unemployment and low education are factors that condition the at risk of poverty rates. The definition of a certain rate influences the percentage of households that are affected by at risk of poverty, however, has a limited effect on poverty profiles. Poverty profiles have not changed over time but some factors such as unemployment and low education have significantly increased. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 857 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Wohnen, Ausstattung und Leistungen privater HH;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Einkommen;Einkommensschichtung;Einkommensstatistik;Einkommensverteilung;Vermögen;Vermögensverteilung;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146112 %0 Book %8 25.08.2016 %M 9010760 %T The Chips Are Down: The Influence of Family on Children's Trust Formation %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 35 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.541640.de/diw_sp0856.pdf %+ Corrado Giulietti, Enrico Rettore, Sara Tonini %A Giulietti, Corrado;Rettore, Enrico;Tonini, Sara;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Understanding the formation of trust at the individual level is a key issue given the impact that it has been recognized to have on economic development. Theoretical work highlights the role of the transmission of values such as trust from parents to their children. Attempts to empirically measure the strength of this transmission relied so far on the cross-sectional regression of the trust of children on the contemporaneous trust of their parents. We introduce a new identification strategy which hinges on a panel of parents and their children drawn from the German Socio-Economic Panel. Our results show that: 1) a half to two thirds of the observed variability of trust is pure noise irrelevant to the ransmission process; 2)this noise strongly biases the parameter estimates of the OLS regression of children's trust on parents' trust; however an instrumental variable procedure straightforwardly emerges from the analysis; 3) the dynamics of the component of trust relevant to the transmission process shed light on the structural interpretation of the parameters of this regression; 4) the strength of the flow of trust that parents pass to their children as well as of the sibling correlations due to other factors are easily summarized by the conventional R2 of a latent equation. In our sample, approximately one fourth of the variability of children's trust is inherited from their parents while two thirds are attributable to the residual sibling correlation. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 856 %K J62;P16;Z1 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Private Haushalte und Familien;Soziales und Gesundheit;Mobilität;Arbeitsmobilität;Volkswirtschaft;Kulturökonomie;Familie;Kinder;Vertrauen;Demographie und Bevölkerung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146111 %0 Book %8 22.08.2016 %M 9010749 %T Using Personalized Feedback to Increase Data Quality and Respondents' Motivation in Web Surveys? %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 14 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %+ Simon Kühne, Martin Kroh %A Kühne, Simon;Kroh, Martin;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X *****Volltextdokument auf Wunsch der Autoren gelöscht***** Web surveys technically allow providing feedback to respondents based on their previous responses. This personalized feedback may not only beused to target follow-up questions, it also allows test results to be returned immediately to respondents. This paper argues that the possibility of learning something about themselves increases respondents’ motivation and possibly the accuracy of responses. While past studies mainly concentrate on the effects of providing study results on future response rates, thus far survey research lacks of theoretical and empirical contributions on the effects of personalized, immediate, feedback on response behavior. To test this, we implemented a randomized trial in the context of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) in 2014, providing feedback regarding the respondents’ personality tests (Big-Five personality inventory) to a subgroup of the sample. Results show moderate differences in response behavior between experimental and control group (item nonresponse, response styles, internal consistency, socially desirable responding, corrective answers, and response times). In addition, we find that respondents of the experimental group report higher levels of satisfaction with the survey. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 855 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Surveymethodik;Methodenforschung;Soziales und Gesundheit;Messung;Motivation;Persönlichkeit;Persönlichkeitspsychologie %0 Book %8 01.08.2016 %M 9010634 %T Naturalisation and Investments in Children's Human Capital: Evidence from a Natural Experiment %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 47 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.540532.de/diw_sp0854.pdf %+ Friedericke von Haaren-Giebel %A von Haaren-Giebel, Friederike;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper assesses educational attainment of immigrant children, in particular evaluating whether naturalised parents invest more in their children’s human capital than non-naturalised parents. Findings of the literature indicate that citizenship is associated with lower return migration probability. Since the returns to investments in (country-specific) human capital increase with the duration of residence, naturalised parents may have more incentives to invest in the educational success of their children. I exploit a natural experiment that took place in Germany in the year 2000 that reduced the required years of residence for naturalisation from 15 to 8 and therefore exogenously increased naturalisation. Multivariate estimations (based on the German Socio-Economic Panel) show a positive and significant correlation between parents’ citizenship status and their children’s educational attainment. Results of difference-in-differences and instrumental variable models are also positive but not significant. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 854 %K J15;J24;I24 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Bildung und Qualifikation;SOEP Integration, Migration und Transnationalisierung;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;Private Haushalte und Familien;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Humankapital;Kinder;Bildungsertrag;Bildungsfinanzierung;Bildungsforschung;Bildungsinvestition %0 Book %8 07.07.2016 %M 9010423 %T The Joint Distribution of Net Worth and Pension Wealth in Germany %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 42 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.538110.de/diw_sp0853.pdf %+ Timm Bönke, Markus M. Grabka, Carsten Schröder, Edward N. Wolff, Lennard Zyska %A Bönke, Timm;Grabka, Markus M.;Schröder, Carsten;Wolff, Edward N.;Zyska, Lennard;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Research on wealth inequality usually focuses on real and financial assets, while pension wealth – the present value of future pension entitlements from public and company pension schemes – receives little attention. This is astonishing, given that pension plans play an important role for material security and well‐being for an overwhelming part of the population and, thus, should be accounted for in peoples’ wealth portfolios. Using novel data from the Socio Economic Panel (SOEP), we show the incidence, relevance, and distribution of individual pension wealth, net worth, and augmented wealth (the sum of the two) in Germany. Further, we investigate age‐wealth‐profiles and differences between East and West Germany. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 853 %K D31;H55;J32 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Demographie und Bevölkerung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/144549 %0 Book %8 21.07.2016 %M 9010547 %T Fachkräfte in der frühen Bildung - Erwerbssituation, Einstellungen und Änderungswünsche %G Deutsch %D 2016 %P 111 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.539860.de/diw_sp0852.pdf %+ C. Katharina Spieß, Johanna Storck %A Spieß, C. Katharina;Storck, Johanna;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This report examines the labor market situation of those providing daycare or educational services to children primarily aged 6 or less in Germany. The analysis of these child daycare professionals is based on the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the supplemental SOEP-study, “Families in Germany” (FiD). The analysis contrasts the socio-demographic characteristics of child daycare professionals with those of comparable occupations. In addition to a comprehensive analysis of the employment situation of these child daycare professionals, their contentment, workloads, and preferences are also reviewed. The labor market preferences of child daycare professionals, based upon socio-demographic characteristics, personality traits, and family circumstances are analyzed. The study also evaluates if child daycare professionals experience excessive stress and strain in their work. To achieve this, we compare the self-evaluations of the child daycare professionals to those in comparable occupations. The results show that attitudes of child daycare professionals, which are also reflected within their personality, correspond highly with their occupational field. Although, child daycare professionals tend to have relatively high job satisfaction, they also face significant challenges in their day-to-day work. We do not find a “gratification crisis” among the child daycare professionals, even though the burdens they experience are not trivial. It is noteworthy that many child daycare professionals feel that their employers underappreciate their efforts and that they lack career opportunities. Almost half of the child daycare professionals feel that their salary is inadequate. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 852 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Bildung und Qualifikation;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Fachkräfte;Bildung;Bildungsforschung;Bildungswesen;Erwerbstätigkeit;Kinderbetreuung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/144552 %0 Book %8 08.07.2016 %M 9010425 %T Entrepreneurs and Freelancers: Are They Time and Income Multidimensional Poor? - The German Case %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 23 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.538176.de/diw_sp0851.pdf %+ Joachim Merz, Tim Rathjen %A Merz, Joachim;Rathjen, Tim;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Entrepreneurs and freelancers, the self-employed, commonly are characterized as not only to be relatively rich in income but also as to be rich in time because of their time-sovereignty in principle. Our introducing study scrutinises these results and notions about the well-being situation of self-employed persons not only by asking about traditional single income poverty but also by considering time poverty within the framework of a new interdependent multidimensional (IMD) poverty concept. The German Socio-economic panel with satisfaction data serves as the data base for the population wide evaluation of the substitution/compensation between genuine, personal leisure time and income. The available detailed Time Use Surveys of 1991/92 and 2001/2 of the Federal Statistics Office provide the data to quantify the multidimensional poverty in all the IMD poverty regimes. Important result: self-employed with regard to single income poverty, single time poverty and interdependent multidimensional time and income poverty in both years are much more affected by time and income poverty than all other active persons defining the working poor. A significant proportion of non-income-poor but time poor of the active population are not able to compensate their time deficit even by an above poverty income. These people are neglected so far within the poverty and well-being discussion, the discussion about the “working poor” and in the discussion about time squeeze and time pressure in general and in particular for the self-employed as entrepreneurs and freelancers. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 851 %K D31;D13;J22 %K Daten SOEP;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Soziales und Gesundheit;Unternehmer;Selbstständige;Armut;Einkommen;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Vermögen;Zeitverwendung;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/144551 %0 Book %8 07.07.2016 %M 9010412 %T How Important Is Precautionary Labor Supply? %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 35 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.538074.de/diw_sp0850.pdf %+ Robin Jessen, Davud Rostam-Afschar, Sebastian Schmitz %A Jessen, Robin;Rostam-Afschar, Davud;Schmitz, Sebastian;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X We quantify the importance of precautionary labor supply using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for 2001-2012. We estimate dynamic labor supply equations augmented with a measure of wage risk. Our results show that married men choose about 2.5% of their hours of work or one week per year on average to shield against unpredictable wage shocks. This implies that about 26% of precautionary savings are due to precautionary labor supply. If self-employed faced the same wage risk as the median civil servant, their hours of work would reduce by 4%. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 850 %K D91;J22;C23 %K Daten SOEP;Entscheidung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeitsangebot;Zeitverwendung;Panel;Daten;Methodenforschung;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/144550 %0 Book %8 10.06.2016 %M 9010232 %T Leisure and Housing Consumption after Retirement: New Evidence on the Life-Cycle Hypothesis %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 35 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.536123.de/diw_sp0849.pdf %+ Sven Schreiber, Miriam Beblo %A Schreiber, Sven;Beblo, Miriam;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X We revisit the alleged retirement consumption puzzle. According to the life-cycle theory, foreseeable income reductions such as those around retirement should not affect consumption. However, we first recall that given higher leisure endowments after retirement, the theory does predict a fall of total market consumption expenditures. In order not to mistake this predicted drop for a puzzle we focus on housing consumption which can be plausibly regarded as complementary to leisure, and we control for the leisure change in our empirical specifications, using micro data for Germany (SOEP), where housing expenditures are observable as rents for the majority (60%), as well as dwelling relocations. We still find significant negative impacts of the retirement status on housing consumption, which is hard to reconcile with the life-cycle theory. For retirees we also find significant effects of the income reduction at retirement on housing. However, the effects are small in quantitative terms, given the lock-in nature of past housing decisions. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 849 %K D91;E21 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Wohnen, Ausstattung und Leistungen privater HH;SOEP Zeitverwendung und Umweltverhalten;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Zeitverwendung;Rentner;Alterslebenshaltung;Altersgrenze;Konsumentenverhalten;Wohnungsbaufinanzierung;Wohnung;Bauen und Wohnen %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142757 %0 Book %8 10.06.2016 %M 9010231 %T Do Welfare Dependent Neighbors Matter for Individual Welfare Dependency? %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 10 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.536120.de/diw_sp0848.pdf %+ Thomas K. Bauer, Rui Dang %A Bauer, Thomas K.;Dang, Rui;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper investigates neighborhood peer effects on individual welfare using a combined IV and control function approach. The empirical analysis is based on panel data for the years 2007-2010 constructed by enriching the geo-referenced version of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) with aggregated zip code level-information. The results suggest that individual welfare use is positively correlated with neighborhood social benefit recipient rates, i.e. an increase in the share of neighborhood peers on social benefit by 1 percentage point raises the individual probability of welfare use by 0.97 percentage points. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 848 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;Soziales und Gesundheit;Private Haushalte und Familien;Soziale Beziehungen;Sozialhilfe;Panel;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142756 %0 Book %8 10.06.2016 %M 9010230 %T Leben in Nordrhein-Westfalen: subjektive Einschätzungen als Teil der Wohlfahrtsmessung %G Deutsch %D 2016 %P 63 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.536118.de/diw_sp0847.pdf %+ Benjamin Held, Hans Diefenbacher, Dorothee Rodenhäuser %A Held, Benjamin;Diefenbacher, Hans;Rodenhäuser, Dorothee;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X In recent years, the debate about alternative measures of welfare (“beyond GDP”) has con-siderably gained momentum in Germany. This was the case not only on the national level: The demand for such measures has risen on the federal states level, too. For that reason, and in the context of a study whose main purpose was to calculate the Regional Welfare Index (RWI) for North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), we also analyzed survey data from the So-cio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for NRW and – in order the compare and classify the results – for the rest of Germany. The observation period ranges from 1984 to 2013 (SOEP v30). The re-search topics include satisfaction (life in general/specific areas; current/anticipated), con-cerns, importance, interest for politics and feelings. The evaluation shows among other find-ings that in 2013 the current general life satisfaction (+0,1) and the anticipated general life satisfaction in five years (+0,2) were slightly but significantly higher in NRW than in the rest of Germany. At the same time, people in NRW voiced higher concerns about the issues “im-migration to Germany”, “global terrorism” and “crime in Germany”. At the end of this con-tribution, the trends of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the Regional Welfare Index (RWI) and the current general life satisfaction are compared. They differ significantly from each other. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 847 %K D63;D69;I31;I39 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Soziales und Gesundheit;Wohlfahrtsanalyse;Lebenszufriedenheit;Panel;SOEP %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142755 %0 Book %8 02.06.2016 %M 9010157 %T Econometric Analysis of Ratings: With an Application to Health and Wellbeing %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 13 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.535409.de/diw_sp0846.pdf %+ Raphael Studer, Rainer Winkelmann %A Studer, Raphael;Winkelmann, Rainer;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X We propose a new non-linear regression model for rating dependent variables. The rating scale model accounts for the upper and lower bounds of ratings. Parametric and semi-parametric estimation is discussed. An application investigates the relationship between stated health satisfaction and physical and mental health scores derived from self-reports of various health impairments, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. We compare our new approach to modeling ratings with ordinary least squares (OLS). In one specification, OLS average effects exceed that from our rating scale model by up to 50 percent. Also, OLS in-sample mean predictions violate the upper bound of the dependent variable in a number of cases. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 846 %K C25;I10 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Surveymethodik;SOEP Gesundheit;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Soziales und Gesundheit;Methodenforschung;Regressionsanalyse;Panel %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142754 %0 Book %8 02.06.2016 %M 9010156 %T Intergenerational Correlations of Extreme Right-Wing Party Preferences and Attitudes toward Immigration %G Englisch %D 2016 %P o. S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.535405.de/diw_sp0845.pdf %+ Alexandra Avdeenko, Thomas Siedler %A Avdeenko, Alexandra;Siedler, Thomas;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This study analyzes the importance of parental socialization on the development of children’s far right-wing preferences and attitudes towards immigration. Using longitudinal data from Germany, our intergenerational estimates suggest that the strongest and most important predictor for young people’s right-wing extremism are parents’ right-wing extremist attitudes. While intergenerational associations in attitudes towards immigration are equally high for sons and daughters, we find a positive intergenerational transmission of right-wing extremist party affinity for sons, but not for daughters. Compared to the intergenerational correlation of other party affinities, the high association between fathers’ and sons’ right-wing extremist attitudes is particularly striking. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 845 %K C23;D72;J62;P16 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;SOEP Sonstiges;Private Haushalte und Familien;Politische Einstellung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142753 %0 Book %8 02.06.2016 %M 9010155 %T Non-Take-Up of Student Financial Aid: A Microsimulation for Germany %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 58 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.535403.de/diw_sp0844.pdf %+ Stefanie P. Herber, Michael Kalinowski %A Herber, Stefanie P.;Kalinowski, Michael;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper estimates the percentage of students who do not take up their federal need-based student financial aid entitlements and sheds light on determinants of this behavior. Against the background that educational mobility in Germany is low although extensive student financial aid for needy students is available, it is crucial to know whether students assert their claims for student aid at all. To investigate non-take-up, we set up a microsimulation model for the German Socio-Economic Panel Study 2002–2013 and estimate the respective aid amounts students would have received, had they filed an application for need-based aid. The results indicate that about 40% of the eligible low-income students do not take up their entitlements. We employ instrumental variable techniques and a sample selection model to consider several potential explanatory factors for this behavior. Our results suggest that non-take-up is inversely related to the level of benefits, though the elasticity is rather low. Apart from that, a shorter expected duration of benefit receipt is related to a higher non-take-up rate, whereas the possibility to draw upon older siblings’ experience with completing the complex application for aid is associated with higher probabilities to claim. Moreover, we find robust evidence that significantly more students socialized in the former socialist East Germany choose to take up student aid than similar West German students. Finally, in line with behavioral economic theory, debt aversion of highly impulsive and impatient students is associated with higher rates of non-take-up. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 844 %K I22;I23;I24;I38 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Bildung und Qualifikation;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Bildungsfinanzierung;Hochschulstudium;Mikrosimulation;Ausbildungsfinanzierung;Öffentliche Sozialausgaben;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142752 %0 Book %8 02.06.2016 %M 9010154 %T Working-Time Mismatch and Mental Health %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 40 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.535401.de/diw_sp0843.pdf %+ Steffen Otterbach, Mark Wooden, Yin King Fok %A Otterbach, Steffen;Wooden, Mark;Fok, Yin KIng;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Nationally representative panel survey data for Germany and Australia are used to investigate the impact of working-time mismatches (i.e., differences between actual and desired work hours) on mental health, as measured by the Mental Component Summary Score from the SF-12. Fixed effects and dynamic linear models are estimated, which, together with the longitudinal nature of the data, enable person-specific traits that are time invariant to be controlled for. The incorporation of dynamics also reduces concerns about the potential effects of reverse causation. The results suggest that overemployment (working more hours than desired) has adverse consequences for the mental health of workers in both countries. Underemployment (working fewer hours than desired), however, seems to only be of significance in Australia. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 843 %K I12;J22 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Internationaler Vergleich;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Soziales und Gesundheit;Arbeitszeit;Australien;Deutschland ;Panel;Gesundheit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142751 %0 Book %8 24.05.2016 %M 9010084 %T Do Immigrants Suffer More from Job Loss? Unemployment and Subjective Well-Being in Germany %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 32 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.534428.de/diw_sp0842.pdf %+ Liliya Leopold, Thomas Leopold, Clemens M. Lechner %A Leopold, Liliya;Leopold, Thomas;Lechner, Clemens M.;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This study asked whether immigrants suffer more from job loss than German natives do. Compositional, psychosocial, and normative differences between these groups suggest that various factors intensifying the negative impact of unemployment on subjective well-being are either more prevalent, more influential, or distinct among immigrants. Based on longitudinal data from the German Socio-economic Panel Study (1990–2012; N = 36,296 persons aged 20 to 64; N = 240,071 person-years), we used fixed-effects models to trace within-person change in subjective well-being across the transition from employment to unemployment and over several years after job loss. Results showed that immigrants’ average declines in subjective well-being exceeded those of natives. Further analyses revealed gender interactions. Declines were smaller and similar among immigrant and native women. Among men, declines were larger and differed between immigrants and natives. Immigrant men showed the largest declines, amounting to one standard deviation of within-person change over time in subjective well-being. We conclude that psychosocial factors render immigrant men most vulnerable to the adverse effects of unemployment. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 842 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Integration, Migration und Transnationalisierung;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Deutschland ;Migranten;Arbeitslosigkeit;Lebenszufriedenheit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142750 %0 Book %8 24.05.2016 %M 9010081 %T Gender Differences in the Consequences of Divorce: A Multiple-Outcome Comparison of Former Spouses %G Englisch %D 2016 %P o.S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.534419.de/diw_sp0841.pdf %+ Thomas Leopold %A Leopold, Thomas;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This study examined gender differences in the consequences of divorce for multiple measures of psychological, economic, and domestic well-being. I used household panel data from the German SOEP, retaining the link between initially married couples (N = 755) to compare both spouses over a period of up to four years before and after divorce. Findings showed that men were more vulnerable to short-term declines in subjective measures of well-being, whereas women experienced longer-term disadvantages in objective economic status. Taken together, these results suggest that women’s disproportionate income strain is chronic, whereas men’s disproportionate psychological and domestic strain is not. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 841 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;Private Haushalte und Familien;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Geschlecht;Scheidung;Lebenszufriedenheit;Einkommensungleichheit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142749 %0 Book %8 24.05.2016 %M 9010077 %T The Formation of Prosociality: Causal Evidence on the Role of Social Environment %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 37 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.534406.de/diw_sp0840.pdf %+ Fabian Kosse, Thomas Deckers, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch, Armin Falk %A Kosse, Fabian;Deckers, Thomas;Schildberg-Hörisch, Hannah;Falk, Armin;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This study presents descriptive and causal evidence on the role of social environment for the formation of prosociality. In a first step, we show that socio-economic status (SES) as well as the intensity of mother-child interaction and mothers' prosocial attitudes are systematically related to elementary school children's prosociality. In a second step, we present evidence on a randomly assigned variation of the social environment, providing children with a mentor for the duration of one year. Our data include a two-year follow-up and reveal a significant and persistent increase in prosociality in the treatment relative to the control group. Moreover, enriching the social environment bears the potential to close the observed developmental gap in prosociality between low and high SES children. Our findings suggest that the program serves as a substitute for prosocial stimuli in the family environment. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 840 %K D64;C90 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Familie und Netzwerke;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Private Haushalte und Familien;Sozialstruktur;Soziales Netzwerk;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Mütter;Familie;Familiensoziologie %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142748 %0 Book %8 03.05.2016 %M 9009976 %T Perceptions and Practices of Replication by Social and Behavioral Scientists: Making Replications a Mandatory Element of Curricula Would Be Useful %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 25 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.533057.de/diw_sp0839.pdf %+ Benedikt Fecher, Mathis Fräßdorf, Gert G. Wagner %A Fecher, Benedikt;Fräßdorf, Mathis;Wagner, Gert G.;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X We live in a time of increasing publication rates and specialization of scientific disciplines. More and more, the research community is facing the challenge of assuring the quality of research and maintaining trust in the scientific enterprise. Replication studies are necessary to detect erroneous research. Thus, the replicability of research is considered a hallmark of good scientific practice and it has lately become a key concern for research communities and science policy makers alike. In this case study we analyze perceptions and practices regarding replication studies in the social and behavioral sciences. Our analyses are based on a survey of almost 300 researchers that use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), a multidisciplinary longitudinal multi-cohort study. We find that more than two thirds of respondents disagree with the statement that replications are not worthwhile, because major mistakes will be found at some point anyway. Nevertheless, most respondents are not willing to spend their time to conduct replication studies. This situation can be characterized as a “tragedy of the commons”: everybody knows that replications are useful, but almost everybody counts on others to conduct them. Our most important finding concerning practical consequences is that among the few replications that are reported, a large majority is conducted in the context of teaching. In our view, this is a promising detail: in order to foster replicability, one avenue may be to make replication studies a mandatory part of curricula as well as of doctoral theses. Furthermore, we argue that replication studies need to be more attractive for researchers. For example, successful replications could be listed in the publication lists of replicated authors. Vice versa, data sharing needs to receive more recognition, for example by considering data production and subsequent data sharing as scientific output. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 839 %K Daten SOEP;Methodenforschung;Forschung und Entwicklung;Daten;Datenerhebung;Wissenschaft;Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten;Mikroökonomik;Urheberrecht;SOEP Sonstiges %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/137585 %0 Book %8 03.05.2016 %M 9009975 %T Der Zusammenhang zwischen sportlicher (Wettkampf-)Aktivität und kognitiver Leistung %G Deutsch %D 2016 %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.533055.de/diw_sp0838.pdf %+ Michael Müller %A Müller, Michael;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X The positive effect of sporting activity and competition on individual labour market outcomes like higher wages has been shown several times before. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), this study analyses whether active participation in sports and tournaments raises the cognitive performance and thereby justifies the better outcomes at the labour market. The results show that persons exercising more are faster in mental processing and have better results in more extensive cognitive tests. The participation in sports tournaments and some variety in one’s activities increase the cognitive performance further. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 838 %K Daten SOEP;Soziales und Gesundheit;Sport;Kognitive Fähigkeiten;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/137584 %0 Book %8 02.05.2016 %M 9009966 %T Retirement and Changes in Housework: A Panel Study of Dual Earner Couples %G Englisch %D 2016 %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.532869.de/diw_sp0837.pdf %+ Thomas Leopold, Jan Skopek %A Leopold, Thomas;Skopek, Jan;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X To examine how transitions to retirement influenced the division of household labor in dual earner couples. We tested hypotheses about changes (a) between a couple’s pre-retirement and post-retirement stage, and (b) across the transitionalphase during which both spouses retired from the workforce. We estimated fixed-effects models for the effects of the husband’s and the wife’s retirement on changes in their hours and share of routine housework. The data came from 29 waves of the German Socio-economic Panel Study, comprising N = 27,784 annual observations of N = 3,071 dual earner couples ages 45 to 75. Spouses who retired first performed more housework, whereas their partners who continued working performed less. This occurred irrespective of the retirement sequence. Husbands who retired first doubled up on their share of housework, but never performed more than 40 percent of a couple’s total hours. None of the observed shifts was permanent. After both spouses had retired, couples reverted to their pre-retirement division of housework. Although the findings on changes after retirement support theories of relative resources, gender construction theories still take precedence in explaining the division of household labor over the life course. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 837 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;SOEP Zeitverwendung und Umweltverhalten;Private Haushalte und Familien;Zeitverwendung;Rentner;Hausarbeit;Lebensverlauf;Geschlechterforschung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/137583 %0 Book %8 29.04.2016 %M 9009964 %T Maternal Education, Divorce, and Changes in Economic Resources: Evidence from Germany %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 30 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.532810.de/diw_sp0836.pdf %+ Liliya Leopold, Thomas Leopold %A Leopold, Liliya;Leopold, Thomas;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This study investigated the effects of divorce on educational gaps in mothers’ economic resources. The results shed new light on two opposing theoretical positions that have informed research on social inequality in the consequences of divorce. Recent extensions of the “diverging destinies” perspective posit that divorce is more consequential among the disadvantaged than among the privileged. The notion of “divorce as an equalizer” posits the reverse. Based on data from the German SOEP, we estimated correlated random-effects models to examine educational gaps in divorce-related changes of mothers’ household income and risk of poverty. The results are inconsistent with the diverging destinies perspective, as educational gaps in mothers’ economic resources did not widen after divorce. Instead, we found partial support for the competing notion of divorce as an equalizer, as higher educated mothers experienced larger declines in household income. Educational gaps in the risk of poverty remained constant. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 836 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Soziale Ungleichheit;Ehe;Einkommen;Armut;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/137582 %0 Book %8 29.04.2016 %M 9009963 %T Education and Health across Lives and Cohorts: A Study of Cumulative Advantage in Germany %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 46 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.532807.de/diw_sp0835.pdf %+ Liliya Leopold, Thomas Leopold %A Leopold, Liliya;Leopold, Thomas;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Research from the United States has supported two hypotheses about health inequality. First, educational gaps in health widen with age – the cumulative advantage hypothesis. Second, this relationship has intensified across cohorts – the rising importance hypothesis. In this article, we estimate hierarchical linear models using 22 waves of panel data (SOEP, 1992–2013) to test both hypotheses in the German context, which contrasts sharply with the U.S. in the structural forces shaping health inequality. We consider individual and contextual influences on the core association between education and health, and assess gender differences in the process of cumulative advantage. Our overall results support the cumulative advantage hypothesis, as health gaps between higher and lower educated people widen with age. Further analyses reveal that this process is gender specific. Among women, educational gaps in health are small and remain stable. Among men, these gaps not only widen rapidly with age, but also increasingly across cohorts, supporting the rising importance hypothesis. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 835 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Gesundheit;SOEP Bildung und Qualifikation;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Soziales und Gesundheit;Gesundheitsstatistik;Gesundheitszustand;Lebensalter;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/137581 %0 Book %8 12.04.2016 %M 9009870 %T Cognitive Skills, Non-Cognitive Skills, and Family Background: Evidence from Sibling Correlations %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 39 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.530999.de/diw_sp0834.pdf %+ Silke Anger, Daniel D. Schnitzlein %A Anger, Silke;Schnitzlein, Daniel D.;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper estimates sibling correlations in cognitive and non-cognitive skills to evaluate the importance of family background for skill formation. Based on a large representative German dataset including IQ test scores and measures of non-cognitive skills, a restricted maximum likelihood model indicates a strong relationship between family background and skill formation. Sibling correlations in non-cognitive skills range from 0.22 to 0.46; therefore, at least one-fifth of the variance in these skills results from shared sibling-related factors. Sibling correlations in cognitive skills are higher than 0.50; therefore, more than half of the inequality in cognition can be explained by shared family background. Comparing these findings with those in the intergenerational skill transmission literature suggests that intergenerational correlations capture only part of the influence of family on children’s cognitive and non-cognitive skills, as confirmed by decomposition analyses and in line with previous findings on educational and income mobility. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 834 %K J24;J62 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;SOEP Bildung und Qualifikation;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Private Haushalte und Familien;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Humankapital;Qualifikation;Mobilität;Arbeitsmobilität;Familie;Soziale Schicht;Soziale Beziehungen;Kognitive Fähigkeiten %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/137580 %0 Book %8 12.04.2016 %M 9009869 %T Stimmungsbarometer zu Geflüchteten in Deutschland: Stabil hohes Engagement in der Gesellschaft für Geflüchtete bei weiterhin überwiegend negativer Einschätzung der Auswirkungen der Flüchtlingszuwanderung %G Deutsch %D 2016 %P 13 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.530922.de/diw_sp0833.pdf %+ Philipp Eisnecker, Jürgen Schupp %A Eisnecker, Philipp;Schupp, Jürgen;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X The influx of refugees into Germany continued to dominate the public debate in February. Results from the February 2016 SOEP survey of public opinion on refugees in Germany show that slightly over one third of German adults see more opportunities than risks in the influx of refugees, while around half take the opposite view. In February 2016, around one third of respondents reported having donated money or resources to help refugees, and 39% reported the intention to continue doing so in the future. As in the preceding month, around one tenth of respondents reported having been active in efforts to help and support refugees. Respondents who show willingness to help refugees include not only individuals who view the refugee influx in a positive light, but also those with ambivalent or even critical viewpoints. In February, the percentage of respondents who viewed the refugee influx in a positive light increased slightly over January. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 833 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Integration, Migration und Transnationalisierung;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Soziales und Gesundheit;Migration;Migrationspolitik;Migranten;Flüchtlinge;Deutschland ;Öffentliche Meinung;Themenliste Flucht und Migration %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/137579 %0 Book %8 08.04.2016 %M 9009839 %T How Important is the Type of Working Contract for Job Satisfaction of Agency Workers? %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 19 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.530550.de/diw_sp0832.pdf %+ René Petilliot %A Petilliot, René;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Previous research has found that agency workers are less satisfied with their job than regular workers on a permanent contract. All these studies have in common that they treat agency workers as a homogeneous group; that is, they did not consider the contract type agency workers hold. This paper analyzes whether differences in job satisfaction can be explained by the contract type using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. The analysis leads to three main results. First, differences in job satisfaction cannot be explained by the contract type. Second, agency workers on a permanent contract are significantly less satisfied with their job than regular workers on the same contract. Third, agency workers on a fixed-term contract do not differ in reported job satisfaction from regular workers on both fixed-term and permanent contracts. These findings give rise to the hypothesis that as a policy instrument agency employment appears to be well-suited for short-term periods, but it should be prevented that workers are persistently employed in such a work arrangement. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 832 %K C23;I31;J28;J41 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Soziales und Gesundheit;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Gerechtigkeit;Arbeitsbedingungen;Arbeitsvertrag;Arbeitsverhältnis;Arbeitszufriedenheit;Arbeit;Leiharbeit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/137578 %0 Book %8 08.04.2016 %M 9009838 %T Principles of the Just Distribution of Benefits and Burdens: The "Basic Social Justice Orientations" Scale for Measuring Order-Related Social Justice Attitudes %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 34 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.530548.de/diw_sp0831.pdf %+ Stefan Liebig, Sebastian Hülle, Meike May %A Liebig, Stefan;Hülle, Sebastian;May, Meike;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X The paper introduces a short scale for measuring attitudes to four fundamental principles of the just distribution of benefits and burdens in a society. The Basic Social Justice Orientations (BSJO) scale is an eight-item scale that measures agreement with the equality, equity, need, and entitlement principle. In contrast to comparable other scales that have been used in justice research in the past, the BSJO scale is consistent with the current state of empirical justice research andallows for the study of the constructs distinguished by studies in that area and, more specifically, in the context of population surveys and with respect to societal distribution conflicts. The paper reports the methodological aspects of the construction and use of the scale in population surveys, as well as results concerning reliability and construct validation. The study uses data from three general social surveys that have been conducted in Germany: LINOS-1, SOEP Innovation Sample 2012, and ALLBUS 2014. The analysis of these three data sets confirms the assumed four-factorial structure of the justice dimensions, and the validation of the construct confirms the hypothesized relationships between the dimensions of the BSJO scale and socio-structural characteristics, political attitudes, and other justice related attitudes. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 831 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Surveymethodik;Soziales und Gesundheit;Methodenforschung;Gerechtigkeit;Soziale Gerechtigkeit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/137577 %0 Book %8 07.04.2016 %M 9009816 %T Alcohol: Does It Make You Successful? A Longitudinal Analysis %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 40 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.530440.de/diw_sp0830.pdf %+ Patrick Keller %A Keller, Patrick;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This thesis analyzes the link between alcohol consumption and labor market outcomes, such as income, employment or hazard rate of leaving unemployment. It does so by using panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) forthe period 2006 until 2010. While cross-sectional methods show a positive relationship between non-abusive alcohol consumption and labor market outcomes, fixed effects methods do not confirm a causal effect of alcohol consumption on labor market outcomes. These results suggest, that the often replicated, cross-sectional finding of a positive relationship between income and alcohol consumption (alcohol income puzzle) is due to selection bias. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 830 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Gesundheit und Pflege;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Soziales und Gesundheit;Private Haushalte und Familien;Einkommen;Soziale Sicherung;Erfolgsfaktor;Gesundheit;Alkoholkonsum %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/137576 %0 Book %8 04.04.2016 %M 9009781 %T The Linked Employer-Employee Study of the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP-LEE): Project Report %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 75 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.530100.de/diw_sp0829.pdf %+ Michael Weinhardt, Alexia Meyermann, Stefan Liebig, Jürgen Schupp %A Weinhardt, Michael;Meyermann, Alexia;Liebig, Stefan;Schupp, Jürgen;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X In 2012/13, a survey of German employers was conducted using face-to-face and paper-and-pencil interviews (N = 1,708; response rate = 30.1%). Establishments were sampled based on address information provided by employed participants in the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study. The information obtained from both surveys can be linked in order to create a linked employer–employee data set concerning organizational strategies and labor market outcomes (N = 1,834). Paradata were collected regarding several aspects of the survey: contact forms informed about the fieldwork process; an interviewer survey provided information about the interviewer staff; every interview situation was evaluated separately by interviewers to learn more about the response process in establishments; the editing process was reassessed; and 31 interviews were audiotaped to gain insights into the interviewing process. This project report covers the design of the study, the data collection stage, and field outcomes. It evaluates the establishment survey itself, as well as the linked SOEP-LEE data set, by looking at selectivity in nonresponse and at measurement errors overall. The establishment data and the linked SOEP-LEE data are available for secondary use at the research data centers of the SOEP at DIW Berlin and at the Data Service Center for Business and Organizational Data (DSC-BO) at Bielefeld University (DOI:10.7478/s0549.1.v1). %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 829 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Surveymethodik;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Methodenforschung;Angestellte;Unternehmer;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130584 %0 Book %8 07.04.2016 %M 9009815 %T Untersuchung zum Zusammenhang zwischen Heimtierbesitz und menschlicher Gesundheit bei älteren Personen in Deutschland %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 116 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.530421.de/diw_sp0828.pdf %+ Marie S. C. Böhm, Simone Freitag %A Böhm, Marie S. C.;Freitag, Simone;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Since the 1980s researchers are investigating the beneficial effects of pets on human health. The current state of research is characterized by heterogeneity of results, rarity of longitudinal analysis, few studies with German population and search for moderators and mediators in order to explain the possible association. The present study aims at examining the (possibly differential) impact of dogs and cats primarily on their owner’s self-rated physical and mental health both, cross-sectional and longitudinal, using a German sample of elderly as in particular older people may benefit from pet ownership. In addition to demographic characteristics, the owner’s loneliness and human social support are investigated cross-sectional for being potential mediators. Socioeconomic data is provided by the Berliner Altersstudie II. The total sample comprises 1 286 people aged 60 years or older, who completed the survey questionnaire 2012 and 2014. Cross-sectional results predominantly show inferior physical and mental health of pet owners compared to nonowners, even if considering the (non-) owner’s demographic characteristics. Merely the cat owner’s disadvantages in health can be explained by the owner’s feeling of loneliness, whereas no explanatory construct can be found accounting for dog ownership in this study. However, longitudinal results most notably reveal gains in mental health after pet, especially dog acquisition compared to permanent non-ownership, whilst permanent pet ownership is not accompanied with (any more) advantages in health and loss of a cat seems to provide gains in physical health. The present study confirms the importance of longitudinal analysis, indicates differences between cat and dog ownership and spotlights the question of short or long term effects as well as possible limits of the improvement of the elderly pet owner’s health. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 828 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Gesundheit und Pflege;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Soziales und Gesundheit;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Demographie;Soziales Netzwerk;Lebenszufriedenheit;Gesundheit;Haustiere;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130582 %0 Book %8 24.03.2016 %M 9009740 %T A Penalized Spline Estimator for Fixed Effects Panel Data Models %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 15 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.529764.de/diw_sp0827.pdf %+ Peter Pütz, Thomas Kneib %A Pütz, Peter;Kneib, Thomas;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Estimating nonlinear effects of continuous covariates by penalized splines is well established for regressions with cross-sectional data as well as for panel data regressions with random effects. Penalized splines are particularly advantageous since they enable both the estimation of unknown nonlinear covariate effects and inferential statements about these effects. The latter are based, for example, on simultaneous confidence bands that provide a simultaneous uncertainty assessment for the whole estimated functions. In this paper, we consider fixed effects panel data models instead of random effects specifications and develop a first-difference approach for the inclusion of penalized splines in this case. We take the resulting dependence structure into account and adapt the construction of simultaneous confidence bands accordingly. In addition, the penalized spline estimates as well as the confidence bands are also made available for derivatives of the estimated effects which are of considerable interest in many application areas. As an empirical illustration, we analyze the dynamics of life satisfaction over the life span based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). An open source software implementation of our methods is available in the R package pamfe. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 827 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Surveymethodik;Soziales und Gesundheit;Lebenszufriedenheit;Panel;Methodenforschung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130581 %0 Book %8 18.03.2016 %M 9009715 %T Factors Influencing Female Labor Force Participation in Egypt and Germany: A Comparative Study %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 73 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.529274.de/diw_sp0826.pdf %+ Sara Hassan Hosney %A Hosney, Sara Hassan;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper aims to identify the major factors influencing female labor force participation (FLFP) in Egypt and Germany. On a narrow scope and given the unclear relationship between educational attainment and Egyptian FLFP, this paper seeksto examine the effect of educational attainment on the Egyptian FLFP while considering other personal and household factors. On a broader scope, the literature on FLFP illustrates that certain personal and household characteristics determineFLFP. However, the question remains, to what extent these determinants differ between Egypt and Germany. This paper attempts to shed light on understanding if and how specific demographic factors affect the Egyptian FLFP in comparison with the German FLFP. Limited dependent variable technique; Probit model is utilized to determine which factors influence FLFP in both countries. The cross sectional analysis is conducted through the use of the 2012 Egyptian Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS) in collaboration with Egypt’s Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) and the 2012 German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Findings indicate that indeed higher educational attainmentincreases the Egyptian female’s predicted probability of participating in the labor market. Additionally, the comparative study showed that number of factors affect FLFP in both countries, some of which has a positive influence as years of schooling and age while others with a negative impact as being a married women, living in urban areas and number of children. On the other hand some other variables impact each country differently as wealth. Additionally, it was evident that years of schooling has a higher marginal impact on Egyptian FLFP yet, age, being married and number of children have a higher marginal effect on German FLFP. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 826 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;SOEP Internationaler Vergleich;SOEP Bildung und Qualifikation;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Deutschland ;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Private Haushalte und Familien;Vergleich;Arbeitsmarkt;Themenliste Frauen im Erwerbsleben;Frauenerwerbstätigkeit;Frauen;Ägypten %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130586 %0 Book %8 18.03.2016 %M 9009714 %T Work Hour Mismatch and Job Mobility: Adjustment Channels and Resolution Rates %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 36 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.529272.de/diw_sp0825.pdf %+ Michael C. Knaus, Steffen Otterbach %A Knaus, Michael C.;Otterbach, Steffen;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper analyses the role of job changes in overcoming work hour constraints and the work hour mismatches resulting from these constraints (i.e., differences between actual and desired work hours). Building on previous findings that job change increases the flexibility of actual work hours, the study addresses two as yet neglected questions in the context: (i) How do changes in desired work hours, in addition to changes in actual work hours, contribute to the resolution of thesemismatches? (ii) Does the increased flexibility help actually to resolve work hour mismatches? We exploit information about the magnitude of the prevailing mismatch to improve both the credibility and interpretation of the results. We find that job change increases the probability of resolving work hour mismatches, but far less than expected with free choice of hours across jobs. Instead, large fractions of workers either stay or switch into overemployment. We thoroughly investigate the robustness and heterogeneity of our results. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 825 %K J21;J22 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeitskräftepotenzial;Zeitverwendung;Arbeitsangebot;Arbeitszeit;Arbeitsmobilität;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130580 %0 Book %8 03.03.2016 %M 9009588 %T Stability of Risk Attitudes and Media Coverage of Economic News %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 40 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.528300.de/diw_sp0824.pdf %+ Franziska Tausch, Maria Zumbuehl %A Tausch, Franziska;Zumbuehl, Maria;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper investigates the impact of exogenous changes in individuals' perceived economic environment on their self-stated risk attitudes by exploiting changes in media coverage of economic news. We use information on risk attitudes from the German Socioeconomic Panel and combine it with data on the average daily frequency of economic news reports during the year and the month preceding the date of the risk attitude elicitation. Using fixed effects regressions we observe effects of both long and short term changes in the media. We find that an increase in economic news in the previous year, irrespective of whether the news are bad or good, is negatively related to individuals' willingness to take risks. An increase in news that are aggregated over the previous month, however, relates to a decrease in risk aversion if the news are predominantly good. The strength of the relations depends on individuals' personal characteristics and personality traits. A positive correlation between bad news coverage and individuals' worries suggests that changes in risk perception may mediate the relation between news coverage and risk attitudes. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 824 %K D03;D80 %K Daten SOEP;Information;Wissen;Risiko;Risikobereitschaft;Medienwirtschaft, Telekommunikation, Informationswirtschaft;Verhaltensökonomik;Private Haushalte und Familien;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130585 %0 Book %8 03.03.2016 %M 9009584 %T Effectiveness of Social Capital in the Job Search Process %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 53 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.528297.de/diw_sp0823.pdf %+ Ralf Werner Koßmann %A Koßmann, Ralf Werner;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X The empirical literature has provided ample yet contradictory evidence on the effectiveness of social ties in the job search process in terms of post-hire outcomes, such as wages or job satisfaction. Whereas early research, mainly focussing on the U.S. labour market, found positive correlations between finding a job via social ties and post-hire outcomes, most recent studies reported inconclusive or even negative correlations. Country differences in the effectiveness of social ties could be explained by differences in the effectiveness of other search channels, e.g. public institutions. Therefore, this study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the effectiveness of social ties in the German labour market which is commonly regarded as rather strict and monitored by strong labour market institutions. Based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), it is analysed whether wages, job satisfaction, and fluctuation are affected by the job finding channel. Furthermore, this is the first study which investigates whether job changes affect wage and job satisfaction differentials between the current and the previous job. Results show that finding a job via social ties is not related to higher income; yet, weak evidence can be found for higher job satisfaction and a reduction in turnover. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 823 %K J24;J28;J31;J63 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Humankapital;Sicherheit;Arbeitszufriedenheit;Private Haushalte und Familien;Lohn;Lohnniveau;Lohnstruktur;Arbeitsmobilität;Arbeitslosigkeit;Arbeitsuche %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130577 %0 Book %8 03.03.2016 %M 9009582 %T The Residency Discount for Rents in Germany and the Tenancy Law Reform Act 2001: Evidence from Quantile Regressions %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 32 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.528294.de/diw_sp0822.pdf %+ Bernd Fitzenberger, Benjamin Fuchs %A Fitzenberger, Bernd;Fuchs, Benjamin;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Most countries show a residency discount in rents for sitting tenants. In the wake of strong rent increases and housing shortages, Germany implemented a reform in 2001 to curtail rent increases. Based on linked housing-tenant data for Germany, this paper estimates panel OLS and quantile regressions of rents within tenancies. The results show that rents deflated by the CPI increase strongly from 1984 until the reform in 2001, and there is a reversal in the trend afterwards. Before the reform, there is a significant residence discount which decreases in absolute value with tenure. The reform reduces rents, in particular for expensive apartments and for new leases. There is no residency discount after the reform. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 822 %K R31;C21;C23 %K Daten SOEP;Bauen und Wohnen;Wohnungsmarkt;Methodenforschung;Ökonometrisches Modell;Ökonometrie;Datenanalyse;Miete;Deutschland ;SOEP Wohnen, Ausstattung und Leistungen privater HH %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130575 %0 Book %8 10.03.2016 %M 9009644 %T Terminal Decline in Well-Being: The Role of Social Orientation %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 46 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.528801.de/diw_sp0821.pdf %+ Denis Gerstorf, Christiane A. Hoppmann, Corinna E. Löckenhoff, Frank J. Infurna, Jürgen Schupp, Gert G. Wagner, Nilam Ram %A Gerstorf, Denis;Hoppmann, Christiane A.;Löckenhoff, Corinna E.;Infurna, Frank J.;Schupp, Jürgen;Wagner, Gert G.;Ram, Nilam;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Well-being development at the end of life is often characterized by steep deteriorations, but individual differences in these terminal declines are substantial and not yet well understood. This study moved beyond the typical consideration of health predictors and explored the role of social orientation and engagement. To do so, we made use of social variables at the behavioral level (self-ratings of social participation) and the motivational level (valuing social and family goals), assessed two to four years before death. We applied single- and multi-phase growth models to up to 27-year annual longitudinal data from 2,910 now deceased participants of the nation-wide German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP; ageat death: M = 74 years; SD = 14; 48% women). Results revealed that leading a socially active life and prioritizing social goals in late life were independently associated with higher late-life well-being, less pronounced late-life decline, and a lateronset of terminal decline. Significant interaction effects suggested that the effects of (reduced) social participation and (lowered) social goals were compounding each other.compound. Findings also indicated that less decline in social participation was associated with shallower rates and a later onset of well-being decline. We found little evidence that valuing family goals is associated with late-life trajectories of well-being. Associations were independent of key correlates of well-being and mortality, including age at death, gender, education, disability, hospital stays, and goals in other life domains. We discuss possible pathways by which maintaining social orientation into late life may help mitigate terminal decline in well-being. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 821 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;SOEP Gesundheit und Pflege;Private Haushalte und Familien;Soziales und Gesundheit;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Alter;Ältere Menschen;Lebenszufriedenheit;Soziale Beziehungen;Soziales Netzwerk;Entwicklung;Sterblichkeit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130587 %0 Book %8 25.02.2016 %M 9009465 %T Does Parental Unemployment Affect the Quality of Their Children's First Job? %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 19 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.527814.de/diw_sp0820.pdf %+ Maria Kleverbeck, Michael Kind %A Kleverbeck, Maria;Kind, Michael;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X In this paper the relationship between parental unemployment at time of children's labor market entrance on the quality of their children's first job is analyzed. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for the years 1991-2012 the quality of the first job in terms of wage, permanent position and full-time employment is examined. The results show a negative correlation between fathers' unemployment at the time of children's labor market entrance and their children's first wage, while no significant relation can be found for unemployment or labor market inactivity of mothers. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 820 %K J31;J62;J64;J65 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;Private Haushalte und Familien;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeitslosigkeit;Eltern;Kinder;Berufseinstieg;Berufswahl %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130578 %0 Book %8 25.02.2016 %M 9009463 %T A Decomposition Analysis of Cigarette Consumption Differences between Male Turkish Immigrants and Germans in West Germany 2002-2012 %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 22 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.527793.de/diw_sp0819.pdf %+ Rui Dang %A Dang, Rui;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X In this article, we investigate the differences in smoking behavior between male Turkish immigrants and male Germans, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). More specifically, we use a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method for count data models, and isolate differences in the number of cigarettes consumed daily between Turkish immigrants and Germans into a component reflecting differences in observed socio-economic characteristics and a component reflecting unobserved smoking behavior. Our results reveal that more than 50% of the differences in cigarette consumption between male Turkish immigrants and male Germans is attributable to observable characteristics. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 819 %K J15;I14;C21 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Integration, Migration und Transnationalisierung;SOEP Gesundheit und Pflege;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Soziales und Gesundheit;Migranten;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130576 %0 Book %8 03.02.2016 %M 9009306 %T Job Search, Locus of Control, and Internal Migration %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 42 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.526181.de/diw_sp0818.pdf %+ Marco Caliendo, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Juliane Hennecke, Arne Uhlendorff %A Caliendo, Marco;Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.;Hennecke, Juliane;Uhlendorff, Arne;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Internal migration can substantially improve labor market efficiency. Consequently, policy is often targeted towards reducing the barriers workers face in moving to new labor markets. In this paper we explicitly model internal migration as the result of a job search process and demonstrate that assumptions about the timing of job search have fundamental implications for the pattern of internal migration that results. Unlike standard search models, we assume that job seekers do not know the true job offer arrival rate, but instead form subjective beliefs - related to their locus of control - about the impact of their search effort on the probability of receiving a job offer. Those with an internal locus of control are predicted to search more intensively (i.e. across larger geographic areas) because they expect higher returns to their search effort. However, they are predicted to migrate more frequently only if job search occurs before migration. We then test the empiricalimplications of this model. We find that individuals with an internal locus of control not only express a greater willingness to move, but also undertake internal migration more frequently. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 818 %K J61 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Arbeitsuche;Migration;Mobilität %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130579 %0 Book %8 03.02.2016 %M 9009304 %T How Much Can We Trust Maternal Ratings of Early Child Development in Disadvantaged Samples? %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 11 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.526168.de/diw_sp0817.pdf %+ Malte Sandner, Tanja Jungmann %A Sandner, Malte;Jungmann, Tanja;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X An increasing number of panel studies use short screening questionnaires to assess infant development. Although some research examines the validity of screening questionnaires for middleclass families, knowledge about their accuracy in disadvantaged households is scarce. This paper validates a short screening questionnaire included in the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) with the Bayley Scales for Infant Development (BSID) as an external criterion with a disadvantaged population. The results reveal significant correlations between the screening questionnaire ratings and the BSID scores for disadvantaged mothers. However, the concordance of maternal ratings and test results decreased in mothers with multiple risk burdens. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 817 %K J13;C83;C91 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Surveymethodik;SOEP Familie und soziale Netzwerke;Private Haushalte und Familien;Methodenforschung;Panel %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130583 %0 Book %8 29.01.2016 %M 9009255 %T Stability and Change in Risk-Taking Propensity across the Adult Lifespan %G Englisch %D 2016 %P 63 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2016 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.525809.de/diw_sp0816.pdf %+ Anika K. Josef, David Richter, Gregory R. Samanez-Larkin, Gert G. Wagner, Ralph Hertwig, Rui Mata %A Josef, Anika K.;Richter, David;Samanez-Larkin, Gregory R.;Wagner, Gert G.;Hertwig, Ralph;Mata, Rui;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Can risk-taking propensity be thought of as a trait that captures individual differences across domains, measures, and time? Studying stability in risk-taking propensities across the lifespan can help to answer such questions by uncovering parallel, or divergent, trajectories across domains and measures. We contribute to this effort by using data from respondents aged 18 to 85 in the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) and by examining (1) differential stability, (2) mean-level differences, and (3) individual-level changes in self-reported general (N = 44,076) and domain-specific (N =11,903) risk-taking propensities across adulthood. In addition, we investigate (4) the correspondence between cross-sectional trajectories of self-report and behavioral measures of social (trust game; N = 646) and nonsocial (monetary gamble; N = 433) risk taking. The results suggest that risk-taking propensity can be understood as a trait with moderate stability. Results show reliable mean-level differences across the lifespan, with risk-taking propensities typically decreasing with age, although significant variation emerges across domains and individuals. Interestingly, the mean-level trajectory for behavioral measures of social and nonsocial risk taking was similar to those obtained from self-reported risk, despite small correlations between task behavior and self-reports. Individual-level analyses suggest a link between changes in risk-taking propensities both across domains and in relation to changes in some of the Big Five personality traits. Overall, these results raise important questions concerning the role of common processes or events that shape the lifespan development of risk-taking across domains as well as other major personality facets. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 816 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;Soziales und Gesundheit;Risiko;Risikobereitschaft;Individuum;Lebensverlauf;Lebenszyklus;Erwachsene %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/129738