%0 Journal Article %8 26.06.2018 %M 9013885 %T Schlagwort „Open Source“: Algorithmen können und müssen anhand von Beispielfällen transparent gemacht werden: Kommentar %G Deutsch %D 2018 %P S. 586 %Z Sb 89 Wochenbericht %F Aufsatz %F Aufsatz %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.592932.de/18-26-4.pdf %+ Gert G. Wagner %A Wagner, Gert G. %N 26 %P 1999-11-30 %V 85 %B DIW Wochenbericht %B 85 (2018), 26, S. 586 %K Methodenforschung;Medienwirtschaft, Telekommunikation, Informationswirtschaft;Big Data;Internet;Mathematik;Algorithmus %R https://doi.org/10.18723/diw_wb:2018-26-4 %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/180701 %0 Journal Article %8 02.04.2019 %M 9015138 %T Does the Law of One Price Hold for Hedonic Prices? %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 3299-3317 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Sevrin Waights %A Waights, Sevrin %X Hedonic prices of locational attributes in urban land markets are determined by a process of spatial arbitrage that is similar to that which underpins the law of one price. If hedonic prices deviate from their spatial equilibrium values then individuals can benefit from changing locations. I examine whether the law holds for the hedonic price of rail access using a unique historical dataset for Berlin over the period 1890–1914, characterised by massive investment in the transport infrastructure. I estimate the hedonic price of rail access across multiple urban neighbourhoods and time periods to generate a panel dataset of hedonic price differences that I test for stationarity using a panel unit root test. Across multiple specifications I consistently fail to reject the null hypothesis of no unit root and accept the alternative hypothesis that the law holds. My estimates indicate a half-life for convergence to the law of one price that lies between 0.28 and 1.14 years. This result is consistent with spatial equilibrium. %N 15 %P 1999-11-30 %V 55 %B Urban Studies %B 55 (2018), 15, S. 3299-3317 %K Methodenforschung;Panel;Bauwirtschaft;Verkehrsinfrastruktur;Berlin;Preise %R https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098017749403 %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/222488 %0 Journal Article %8 14.03.2018 %M 9013456 %T Gute Armutsbekämpfung braucht randomisierte Experimente: Kommentar %G Deutsch %D 2018 %P S. 242 %Z Sb 89 Wochenbericht %F Aufsatz %F Aufsatz %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.580486.de/18-11-5.pdf %+ Lukas Menkhoff %A Menkhoff, Lukas %N 11 %P 1999-11-30 %V 85 %B DIW Wochenbericht %B 85 (2018), 11, S. 242 %K Methodenforschung;Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Private Haushalte und Familien;Armut;Experiment;Befragung;Sozialpolitik;Armutsbekämpfung %R https://doi.org/10.18723/diw_wb:2018-11-5 %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/176819 %0 Journal Article %8 05.09.2018 %M 9014174 %T It's All About Gains: Risk Preferences in Problem Gambling %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 1241-1255 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Patrick Ring, Catharina C. Probst, Levent Neyse, Stephan Wolff, Christian Kaernbach, Thilo van Eimeren, Colin F. Camerer, Ulrich Schmidt %A Ring, Patrick;Probst, Catharina;Neyse, Levent;Wolff, Stephan;Kaernbach, Christian;Eimeren, Thilo van;Camerer, Colin F.;Schmidt, Ulrich %X Problem gambling is a serious socioeconomic problem involving high individual and social costs. In this article, we study risk preferences of problem gamblers including their risk attitudes in the gain and loss domains, their weighting of probabilities, and their degree of loss aversion. Our findings indicate that problem gamblers are systematically more risk taking and less sensitive toward changes in probabilities in the gain domain only. Neither their risk attitudes in the loss domain nor their degree of loss aversion are significantly different from the controls. Additional evidence for a similar degree of sensitivity toward negative outcomes is gained from skin conductance data—a psychophysiological marker for emotional arousal—in a threat-of-shock task %N 8 %P 1999-11-30 %V 147 %B Journal of Experimental Psychology : General %B 147 (2018), 8, S. 1241-1255 %K Methodenforschung;Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung;Risiko;Glücksspiel;Psychische Störung %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000418 %0 Journal Article %8 06.02.2018 %M 9013267 %T Umfragebasierte Studien: „Fake-Interviews“ bleiben die Ausnahme: Kommentar %G Deutsch %D 2018 %P S. 102 %Z Sb 89 Wochenbericht %F Aufsatz %F Aufsatz %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.577402.de/18-6-3.pdf %+ Jürgen Schupp %A Schupp, Jürgen %N 6 %P 1999-11-30 %V 85 %B DIW Wochenbericht %B 85 (2018), 6, S. 102 %K Methodenforschung;Befragung;SOEP %R https://doi.org/10.18723/diw_wb:2018-6-3 %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/174607 %0 Journal Article %8 19.10.2016 %M 9011039 %T Personalized Feedback in Web Surveys: Does it Affect Respondents' Motivation and Data Quality? %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 744-755 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Simon Kühne, Martin Kroh %A Kühne, Simon;Kroh, Martin %X Web surveys technically allow providing feedback to the respondents based on their previous responses. This personalized feedback may increase respondents’ motivation and possibly the accuracy of responses. While past studies mainly concentrate on the effects of providing study results on future response rates, thus far survey research lacks theoretical and empirical contributions on the effects of personalized, immediate, feedback on response behavior. To test this, we implemented a randomized trial in the context of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) in 2014, providing feedback regarding the respondents’ personality tests (Big Five Personality Inventory) to a subgroup of the sample. Results show only moderate differences in response behavior between experimental and control groups. However, we find that respondents who received personalized feedback report higher levels of satisfaction with the survey. %N 6 %P 1999-11-30 %V 36 %B Social Science Computer Review %B 36 (2018), 6, S. 744-755 %K Methodenforschung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Befragung;Internet %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439316673604 %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/215792 %0 Journal Article %8 08.10.2018 %M 9014311 %T Operative und strategische Elemente einer leistungsfähigen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur in den Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften %G Deutsch %D 2018 %P S. 571-590 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Mathias Bug, Stefan Liebig, Claudia Oellers, Regina T. Riphahn %A Bug, Mathias;Liebig, Stefan;Oellers, Claudia;Riphahn, Regina T. %X Dieser Beitrag skizziert vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussionen um den Aufbau einer nationalen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur (NFDI) in Deutschland die Arbeitsweise und Merkmale des Rats für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD). Im Mittelpunkt stehen die zwei zentralen Merkmale des RatSWD als unabhängiges Beratungsgremium von Datenproduzenten und wissenschaftlichen Datennutzenden einerseits und als organisatorischer Rahmen für ein dezentrales Netzwerk aus derzeit 31 akkreditierten Forschungsdatenzentren (FDZ) andererseits. Der RatSWD bildet damit den Rahmen für eine nutzergetriebene, nach außen sprechfähige und leistungsfähige, koordinierte Forschungsdateninfrastruktur in den Sozial-, Verhaltens- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften.Die Forschungsdateninfrastruktur der Sozial-, Verhaltens- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften ist als bundesweites, verteiltes und wachsendes Netzwerk arbeitsteilig angelegt. Das Netzwerk koordiniert disziplinübergreifend die Archivierung und Bereitstellung einer Vielfalt von Forschungsdaten, befördert institutionellen Wissensaustausch und erarbeitet gemeinsame Standards. Der RatSWD widmet sich der Öffnung von weiteren Datenschätzen aus Verwaltung, Forschung und Wirtschaft für die unabhängige Wissenschaft und entwickelt übergeordnete Standards zu Themen wie Datenschutz, Forschungsethik und nachhaltiger Förderpolitik. Den empirisch Forschenden stehen dadurch eine Interessenvertretung nach außen sowie ein stetig wachsendes Angebot an qualitativ hochwertigen Datensätzen zur Verfügung. %N 6 %P 1999-11-30 %V 238 %B Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik %B 238 (2018), 6, S. 571-590 %K Methodenforschung;Forschungsdaten;Infrastruktur;Sozialwissenschaft;Wirtschaftswissenschaft %R https://doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2018-0029 %0 Journal Article %8 04.01.2019 %M 9014718 %T g.citation: Scientific Citation for Individual GRASS GIS Software Modules %D 2018 %P 7 S. %Z DIWDok;Manuskript %F Aufsatz %F Main %1 DIW2018 %+ Peter Löwe, Vaclav Petras, Markus Neteler, Helena Mitasova %A Löwe, Peter;Petras, Vaclav;Neteler, Markus;Mitasova, Helena %X The authors introduce the GRASS GIS add-on module g.citation. The module extends the existing citationcapabilities of GRASS GIS, which until now only provide for automated citation of the software projectas a whole, authored by the GRASS Development Team, without reference to individual persons. Thefunctionalities of the new module enable individual code citation for each of the over 500 implementedfunctionalities, including add-on modules. Three different classes of citation output are provided in avariety human- and machine-readable formats. The implications of this reference implementation ofscientific software citation for both for the GRASS GIS project and the OSGeo foundation are outlined. %N 6 %P 1999-11-30 %B PeerJ Preprints %B (2018), 6, e27206v1, 7 S. %K Methodenforschung;Forschungsdaten;Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten %R https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27206v1 %0 Journal Article %8 04.01.2019 %M 9014723 %T OSGeo Events at EGU General Assemblies: Making Open Science a Reality %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 3 S. %Z DIWDok;Manuskript %F Aufsatz %F Main %1 DIW2018 %+ Peter Löwe %A Löwe, Peter %X This submission reports on the continuing efforts by OSGeo activists within the annual General Assembly gatherings of the European Geoscience Union (EGU). Starting as improvided splinter events, the format soon emerged both into dedicated topical sessions for Open Source within the EGU division of Earth and Space Science Informatics (ESSI), but also dedicated annual evening events (Townhalls). Further, the format of topical Open Source sessions was quickly adopted also by the American Geophysical Union (AGU). This talk covers lessons learned from past events, current developments and opportunities within ESSI in EGU and AGU, and also new acitivities. %N 6 %P 1999-11-30 %B PeerJ Preprints ; 6 %B (2018), 6, e27220v1, 3 S. %K Methodenforschung;Forschungsdaten;Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten;Open Source %R https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27220v1 %0 Journal Article %8 04.02.2019 %M 9014884 %T Competitive Escalation and Interventions %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 695-714 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Sebastian Hafenbrädl, Jan K. Woike %A Hafenbrädl, Sebastian;Woike, Jan K. %X Competitive escalation occurs frequently in managerial environments, when decisions create sunk costs and decision makers compete under time pressure. In a series of experiments using a minimal dollar auction paradigm, we test interventions to prevent competitive escalation. Without any intervention, most people, including experienced managers, escalate and lose money by bidding more than the price is worth (e.g., more than 10 € for 10 €). We test several interventions, in which we provide individuals with different types of experience: direct experience in structurally identical and in structurally similar situations, as well as direct experience in similarly competitive situations (lacking the escalation dimension). We also study indirect experience based on vicariously learning about the situation's consequences (experienced by others) and based on mental simulation by setting oneself a limit regarding where to exit the competition. In 3 experiments (N = 1,229), we find that direct experience in exactly the same or a structurally similar situation allows individuals to prevent subsequent escalation, whereas direct experience in a similar situation without escalation does not. Indirect experience based on vicarious learning successfully reduces competitive escalation, whereas a goal‐setting intervention that has proven instrumental in reducing classic escalation of commitment is not effective. This pattern of variation in the effectiveness of different interventions is consistent with the theory of a hot‐cold empathy gap that prevents people from anticipating how they will experience a competitive situation before entering it. As a methodological contribution, we developed a deception‐free computer‐player dollar‐auction for online participants and a dynamic chicken game. %N 5 %P 1999-11-30 %V 31 %B Journal of Behavioral Decision Making %B 31 (2018), 5, S. 695-714 %K Private Haushalte und Familien;Wettbewerbspolitik und Regulierung;Methodenforschung;Wettbewerb;Entscheidungstheorie;Auktion;Spieltheorie %R https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2084 %0 Journal Article %8 24.08.2018 %M 9014134 %T Age Differences in Intertemporal Choice: U-Shaped Associations in a Probability Sample of German Households %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 782-788 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %+ David Richter, Rui Mata %A Richter, David;Mata, Rui %X To describe adult age differences in intertemporal choice, we analyzed data from 1,491 participants who completed an incentivized monetary intertemporal discounting choice task involving different conditions (e.g., time delay of 12 months vs. 1 month). Respondents completed a number of other survey measures including behavioral measures of cognitive ability and self-reports concerning health, financial security, and demographic characteristics. We found significant quadratic (U-shaped) effects of age in task conditions involving 12-month (but not 1-month) delays, with middle-aged adults proving most patient relative to younger and older adults. The age effects found were robust to the inclusion of covariates, including cognitive ability, that have been suggested to underlie individual and age differences in time preferences. The results favor theories that propose nonlinear effects of age-related processes or multiple mechanisms underlying the development of intertemporal choice across the life span and suggest that it is important to consider long time delays and wide age ranges when trying to understand age differences in time preferences. %N 5 %P 1999-11-30 %V 33 %B Psychology and Aging %B 33 (2018) 5, S. 782-788 %K Methodenforschung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Entscheidung;Zeitverwendung;Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;SOEP Surveymethodik %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000266 %0 Journal Article %8 27.04.2018 %M 9013613 %T Armut: vom Elend eines Begriffs %G Deutsch %D 2018 %P S. 260-266 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F Aufsatz %1 DIW2018 %+ Karl Brenke %A Brenke, Karl %X Debatten über Armut gehören zum Grundrauschen des wirtschaftspolitischen Diskurses. Die Frage, wie Armut definiert und gemessen wird, ist dabei nur selten zu vernehmen. Vor allem die Abgrenzung relativer Armut, die den Armutsbegriff innerhalb der EU maßgeblich prägt, ist aus Sicht des Autors willkürlich und wissenschaftlich nicht fundiert. Daher fordert der Autor eine Neujustierung bei der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Armut und wirbt für die Erkenntnis, dass es keine überzeugende und verbindliche Definition von Armut geben kann. %X Poverty is a frequent topic in the media and in politics, but the definition of poverty is not satisfactory. The European Commission’s poverty of risk concept ignores social and regional income discrepancies, assets are disregarded, and real poverty is not defined. Other definitions show that poverty is difficult to grasp in practice. There are also differing opinions on and definitions of poverty in the population. A lot of those people who were defined as at risk of poverty according to the EU concept are not poor in reality and not unsatisfied with their income. This lack of clarity has led to the proposal to replace the term “poverty” with “low income”. Future research should place greater weight on determining the causes of low incomes. %N 4 %P 1999-11-30 %V 98 %B Wirtschaftsdienst %B 98 (2018), 4, S. 260-266 %K B41;I3;I32 %K Soziales und Gesundheit;Methodenforschung;Armut;Definition;Wirtschaftsforschung %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10273-018-2284-9 %0 Journal Article %8 28.02.2018 %M 9013379 %T Choosing between Different Time-Varying Volatility Models für Structural Vector Autoregressive Analysis %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 715-735 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Helmut Lütkepohl, Thore Schlaak %A Lütkepohl, Helmut;Schlaak, Thore %X The performance of information criteria and tests for residual heteroscedasticity for choosing between different models for time‐varying volatility in the context of structural vector autoregressive analysis is investigated. Although it can be difficult to find the true volatility model with the selection criteria, using them is recommended because they can reduce the mean squared error of impulse response estimates substantially relative to a model that is chosen arbitrarily based on the personal preferences of a researcher. Heteroscedasticity tests are found to be useful tools for deciding whether time‐varying volatility is present but do not discriminate well between different types of volatility changes. The selection methods are illustrated by specifying a model for the global market for crude oil. %N 4 %P 1999-11-30 %V 80 %B Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics %B 80 (2018), 4, S. 715-735 %K Methodenforschung;Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung;VAR-Modell;Zeitreihenanalyse %R https://doi.org/10.1111/obes.12238 %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/222929 %0 Journal Article %8 22.05.2018 %M 9013693 %T Inequality-Minimization with a Given Public Budget %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 607-629 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Johannes König, Carsten Schröder %A König, Johannes;Schröder, Carsten %X We solve the problem of a social planner who seeks to minimize inequality via transfers with a fixed public budget in a distribution of exogenously given incomes. The appropriate solution method depends on the objective function: If it is convex, it can be solved by an interior-point algorithm. If it is quasiconvex, the bisection method can be used. Using artificial and real-world data, we implement the procedures and show that the optimal transfer scheme need not comply with a transfer scheme that perfectly equalizes incomes at the bottom of the distribution. %N 4 %P 1999-11-30 %V 16 %B Journal of Economic Inequality %B 16 (2018), 4, S. 607-629 %K Verteilung;Verteilungspolitik;Soziale Ungleichheit;Makroökonomik;Öffentliche Finanzen und Finanzwissenschaft;Öffentliche Sozialausgaben;Algorithmus;Methodenforschung %R https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-018-9380-3 %0 Journal Article %8 05.07.2019 %M 9015656 %T Bekanntmachung: Regelung zur Archivierung von Daten und Analysefiles quantitativer Studien %G Deutsch %D 2018 %P S. 351-354 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Monika Jungbauer-Gans, Corinna Kleinert, Jürgen Schupp, Mark Trappmann, Tobias Wolbring %A Jungbauer-Gans, Monika;Kleinert, Corinna;Schupp, Jürgen;Trappmann, Mark;Wolbring, Tobias %N 4 %P 1999-11-30 %V 69 %B Soziale Welt %B 69 (2019), 4, S. 351-354 %K Methodenforschung;Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten;Datenerhebung;Forschungsdaten %R https://doi.org/10.5771/0038-6073-2018-4-351 %0 Journal Article %8 22.08.2016 %M 9010751 %T Hidden Skewness: On the Difficulty of Multiplicative Compounding under Random Shocks %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 1693-1706 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Ludwig Ensthaler, Olga Nottmeyer, Georg Weizsäcker, Christian Zankiewicz %A Ensthaler, Ludwig;Nottmeyer, Olga;Weizsäcker, Georg;Zankiewicz, Christian %X Multiplicative growth processes that are subject to random shocks often have an asymmetric distribution of outcomes. In a series of incentivized laboratory experiments, we show that a large majority of participants either strongly underestimatethe asymmetry or ignore it completely. Participants misperceive the spread of the outcome distribution to be too narrowband, and they estimate the median and the mode to lie too close to the center of the distribution, failing to account for the compound nature of average growth. The observed biases are measured irrespective to risk preferences and they appear under a variety of conditions. The biases are largely consistent with a behavioral model in which geometric growth is confused with linear growth. This confusion is a possible driver of investors’ difficulties with real-world financial products like leveraged exchange-traded funds and retirement savings plans. %N 4 %P 1999-11-30 %V 64 %B Management Science %B 64 (2018), 4, S. 1693-1706 %K Methodenforschung;Verhaltensökonomik;Experiment %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2618 %0 Journal Article %8 21.11.2018 %M 9014545 %T Calculating Joint Confidence Bands for Impulse Response Functions Using Highest Density Regions %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 1389-1411 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Helmut Lütkepohl, Anna Staszewska-Bystrova, Peter Winker %A Lütkepohl, Helmut;Staszewska-Bystrova, Anna;Winker, Peter %X This paper proposes a new nonparametric method of constructing joint confidence bands for impulse response functions of vector autoregressive models. The estimation uncertainty is captured by means of bootstrapping, and the highest density region (HDR) approach is used to construct the bands. A Monte Carlo comparison of the HDR bands with existing alternatives shows that the former are competitive with the bootstrap-based Bonferroni and Wald confidence regions. The relative tightness of the HDR bands matched with their good coverage properties makes them attractive for applications. An application to corporate bond spreads for Germany highlights the potential for empirical work. %N 4 %P 1999-11-30 %V 55 %B Empirical Economics %B 55 (2018), 4, S. 1389-1411 %K Methodenforschung;VAR-Modell;Monte-Carlo-Simulation;Nichtparametrisches Verfahren;Geld und Finanzmärkte;Finanzmathematik %R https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-017-1325-3 %0 Journal Article %8 17.01.2018 %M 9013179 %T How to Measure and Proxy Permanent Income: Evidence from Germany and the U.S. %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 321-345 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ David Brady, Marco Giesselmann, Ulrich Kohler, Anke Radenacker %A Brady, David;Giesselmann, Marco;Kohler, Ulrich;Radenacker, Anke %X Permanent income (PI) is an enduring concept in the social sciences and is highly relevant to the study of inequality. Nevertheless, there has been insufficient progress in measuring PI. We calculate a novel measure of PI with the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Advancing beyond prior approaches, we define PI as the logged average of 20+ years of post-tax and post-transfer (“post-fisc”) real equivalized household income. We then assess how well various household- and individual-based measures of economic resources proxy PI. In both datasets, post-fisc household income is the best proxy. One random year of post-fisc household income explains about half of the variation in PI, and 2–5 years explain the vast majority of the variation. One year of post-fisc HH income even predicts PI better than 20+ years of individual labor market earnings or long-term net worth. By contrast, earnings, wealth, occupation, and class are weaker and less cross-nationally reliable proxies for PI. We also present strategies for proxying PI when HH post-fisc income data are unavailable, and show how post-fisc HH income proxies PI over the life cycle. In sum, we develop a novel approach to PI, systematically assess proxies for PI, and inform the measurement of economic resources more generally. %N 3 %P 1999-11-30 %V 16 %B Journal of Economic Inequality %B 16 (2018),3, S. 321-345 %K Private Haushalte und Familien;Einkommen;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Soziale Schicht;Panel;Deutschland ;USA;Methodenforschung;Methode;Einkommen;Soziale Ungleichheit %R https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-017-9363-9 %0 undefined %8 10.09.2018 %M 9014225 %T The Relation between Monetary Policy and the Stock Market in Europe %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 14 S. %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefESCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Helmut Lütkepohl, Aleksei Netšunajev %A Lütkepohl, Helmut;Netsunajev, Aleksei %X We use a cointegrated structural vector autoregressive model to investigate the relation between monetary policy in the euro area and the stock market. Since there may be an instantaneous causal relation, we consider long-run identifying restrictions for the structural shocks and also used (conditional) heteroscedasticity in the residuals for identification purposes. Heteroscedasticity is modelled by a Markov-switching mechanism. We find a plausible identification scheme for stock market and monetary policy shocks which is consistent with the second-order moment structure of the variables. The model indicates that contractionary monetary policy shocks lead to a long-lasting downturn of real stock prices. %N 3 %P 1999-11-30 %V 6 %B Econometrics %B 6 (2018), 3, 36 (14 S.) %K C32 %K VAR-Modell;Methodenforschung;Finanzmarkt;Aktienmarkt;Europa;Heteroskedastizität;Geldpolitik;Zeitreihenanalyse;Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung;VAR-Modell %R https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics6030036 %U https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/195461 %0 Journal Article %8 29.05.2019 %M 9015505 %T Measuring Attitudes Toward Distributive Justice: The Basic Social Justice Orientations Scale %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 663-692 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2019 %+ Sebastian Hülle, Stefan Liebig, Meike Janina May %A Hülle, Sebastian;Liebig, Stefan;May, Meike Janina %X Previous research on social inequalities relied primarily on objective indicators. According to recent studies, however, subjective indicators that reflect a person’s perceptions and evaluations of inequalities are also relevant. Such evaluations depend on an individual’s normative orientation, so respective attitudes toward distributive justice need to be accounted for appropriately. This article introduces a short scale for measuring such order-related justice attitudes. The introduced Basic Social Justice Orientations (BSJO) scale comprises current insights into the empirical justice research and measures individuals’ attitudes toward the following four basic distributive principles: equality, need, equity, and entitlement. The BSJO scale has four dimensions that measure support for these four justice principles on the basis of eight items. We assess the quality of the scale using data from three general population surveys conducted in Germany: the first wave of the panel “Legitimation of Inequality Over the Life Span” (LINOS-1), the Innovation Sample of the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP-IS 2012), and the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS 2014). The scale was found to be a valid instrument that can be used to measure order-related justice attitudes toward distributive justice. The BSJO scale is a short and therefore time-efficient instrument that can be implemented in general population surveys. %N 2 %P 1999-11-30 %V 136 %B Social Indicators Research %B 136 (2018), 2, S. 663-692 %K Private Haushalte und Familien;Methodenforschung;Soziale Gerechtigkeit;Soziale Ungleichheit;Verteilung;Panel %R https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1580-x %0 Journal Article %8 06.08.2018 %M 9014074 %T The Dominance of Introspective Measures and What This Implies: The Example of Environmental Attitude %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 13 S. %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Siegmar Otto, Ulf Kröhne, David Richter %A Otto, Siegmar;Kröhne, Ulf;Richter, David %X The behavioral sciences, including most of psychology, seek to explain and predict behavior with the help of theories and models that involve concepts (e.g., attitudes) that are subsequently translated into measures. Currently, some subdisciplines such as social psychology focus almost exclusively on measures that demand reflection or even introspection when administered to persons. We argue that such a focus hinders progress in explaining behavior. One major reason is that such an exclusive focus on reflections results in common method bias, which then produces spurious relations, or in other words, low discriminant validity. Without the valid measurement of theoretical concepts, theoretical assumptions cannot be tested, and hence, theory development will be hampered. We argue that the use of a greater variety of methods would reduce these problems and would in turn foster theory building. Using a representative sample of N = 472 participants (age: M = 51.0, SD = 17.7; 54% female), we compared the validity of a classical introspective attitude measure (i.e., the New Ecological Paradigm) with that of an alternative attitude measure (i.e., the General Ecological Behavior scale). The latter measure, which was based on self-reported behavior, showed substantially better validity that we argue could aid theory development. %N 2 %P 1999-11-30 %V 13 %B PloS one %B 13 (2018), 2, e0192907 %K Methodenforschung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Verhaltensforschung %R https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192907 %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/200252 %0 Journal Article %8 19.04.2018 %M 9013586 %T Estimation of Structural Impulse Responses: Short-Run versus Long-Run Identifying Restrictions %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 229-244 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Helmut Lütkepohl, Anna Staszewska-Bystrova, Peter Winker %A Lütkepohl, Helmut;Staszewska-Bystrova, Anna;Winker, Peter %X There is evidence that estimates of long-run impulse responses of structural vector autoregressive (VAR) models based on long-run identifying restrictions may not be very accurate. This finding suggests that using short-run identifying restrictions may be preferable. We compare structural VAR impulse response estimates based on long-run and short-run identifying restrictions and find that long-run identifying restrictions can result in much more precise estimates for the structural impulse responses than restrictions on the impact effects of the shocks. %N 2 %P 1999-11-30 %V 102 %B AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis %B 102 (2018), 2, S. 229-244 %K C32 %K Methodenforschung;Zeitreihenanalyse;VAR-Modell %R https://doi.org/10.1007/s10182-017-0300-9 %0 undefined %8 30.11.2018 %M 9014589 %T On the Importance of Testing Structural Identification Schemes and the Potential Consequences of Incorrectly Identified Models %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 106-126 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefESCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Anton Velinov %A Velinov, Anton %X Identification schemes are of essential importance in structural analysis. This paper focuseson testing a commonly used long-run structural parameter identification scheme claiming to identifyfundamental and non-fundamental shocks to stock prices. Five related widely used structural modelson assessing stock price determinants are considered. All models are either specified in vector errorcorrection (VEC) or in vector autoregressive (VAR) form. A Markov switching in heteroskedasticitymodel is used to test the identifying restrictions. It is found that for two of the models considered,the long-run identification scheme appropriately classifies shocks as being either fundamental or nonfundamental.A small empirical exercise finds that the models with properly identified structuralshocks deliver realistic conclusions, similar as in some of the literature. On the other hand, modelswith identification schemes not supported by the data yield dubious conclusions on the importance offundamentals for real stock prices. This is because their structural shocks are not properly identified,making any shock labelling ambiguous. Hence, in order to ensure that economic shocks of interest areproperly captured, it is important to test the structural identification scheme. %N 1 %P 1999-11-30 %V 2 %B Quantitative Finance and Economics %B 2 (2018), 1, S. 106-126 %K C22 %K Methodenforschung;Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung;Stochastischer Prozess;VAR-Modell;Heteroskedastizität;Aktienkurse;Geld und Finanzmärkte %R https://dx.doi.org/10.3934/QFE.2018.1.106 %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/200397 %0 Journal Article %8 18.01.2018 %M 9013189 %T Environmental Factors in Frontier Estimation – a Monte Carlo Analysis %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 133-148 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Maria Nieswand, Stefan Seifert %A Nieswand, Maria;Seifert, Stefan %X We compare three recently developed frontier estimators, namely the conditional DEA (Daraio and Simar, 2005; 2007b), the latent class SFA (Greene, 2005; Orea and Kumbhakar, 2004), and the StoNEZD approach (Johnson and Kuosmanen, 2011) by means of Monte Carlo simulation. We focus on their ability to identify production frontiers and efficiency rankings in the presence of environmental factors. Our simulations match features of real life datasets and cover a wide range of scenarios with variations in sample size, distribution of noise and inefficiency, as well as in distributions, intensity, and number of environmental variables. Our results provide insight in the finite sample properties of the estimators, while also identifying estimator-specific characteristics. Overall, the latent class approach is found to perform best, although in many cases StoNEZD shows a similar performance. Performance of cDEA is most often inferior. %N 1 %P 1999-11-30 %V 265 %B European Journal of Operational Research %B 265 (2018). 1, S. 133-148 %K Methodenforschung;Simulation;Monte-Carlo-Simulation %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.07.047 %0 Journal Article %8 26.01.2018 %M 9013232 %T Validation of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire Short Scale (NARQ-S) in Convenience and Representative Samples %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 86-96 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Marius Leckelt, Eunike Wetzel, Tanja M. Gerlach, Robert A. Ackerman, Joshua D.Miller, William J. Chopik, Lars Penke, Katharina Geukes, Albrecht C. P. Küfner, Roos Hutteman, David Richter, Karl-Heinz Renner, Marc Allroggen, Courtney Brecheen, W. Keith Campbell, Igor Grossmann, Mitja D. Back %A Leckelt, Marius;Gerlach, Tanja M.;Miller, Joshua D.;Penke, Lars;Hutteman, Roos;Renner, Karl-Heinz;Brecheen, Courtney;Grossmann, Igor;Wetzel, Eunike;Ackerman, Robert A.;Chopik, William J.;Geukes, Katharina;Küfner, Albrecht C. P.;Richter, David;Allroggen, Marc;Campbell, W. Keith;Back, Mitja D. %X Due to increased empirical interest in narcissism across the social sciences, there is a need for inventories that can be administered quickly while also reliably measuring both the agentic and antagonistic aspects of grandiose narcissism. In this study, we sought to validate the factor structure, provide representative descriptive data and reliability estimates, assess the reliability across the trait spectrum, and examine the nomological network of the short version of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ-S; Back et al., 2013). We used data from a large convenience sample (total N = 11,937) as well as data from a large representative sample (total N = 4,433) that included responses to other narcissism measures as well as related constructs, including the other Dark Triad traits, Big Five personality traits, and self-esteem. Confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory were used to validate the factor structure and estimate the reliability across the latent trait spectrum, respectively. Results suggest that the NARQ-S shows a robust factor structure and is a reliable and valid short measure of the agentic and antagonistic aspects of grandiose narcissism. We also discuss future directions and applications of the NARQ-S as a short and comprehensive measure of grandiose narcissism. %N 1 %P 1999-11-30 %V 30 %B Psychological Assessment %B 30 (2018), 1, S. 86-96 %K Methodenforschung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Persönlichkeit;Befragung %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000433 %0 Journal Article %8 30.05.2018 %M 9013729 %T Regression Discontinuity Designs Based on Population Thresholds: Pitfalls and Solutions %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 210-229 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Andrew C. Eggers, Ronny Freier, Veronica Grembi, Tommaso Nannicini %A Eggers, Andrew C.;Freier, Ronny;Grembi, Veronica;Nannicini, Tommaso %X In many countries, important features of municipal government (such as the electoral system, mayors' salaries, and the number of councillors) depend on whether the municipality is above or below arbitrary population thresholds. Several papers have used a regression discontinuity design (RDD) to measure the effects of these threshold‐based policies on political and economic outcomes. Using evidence from France, Germany, and Italy, we highlight two common pitfalls that arise in exploiting population‐based policies (compound treatment and sorting), and we provide guidance for detecting and addressing these pitfalls. Even when these problems are present, population‐threshold RDD may be the best available research design for studying the effects of certain policies and political institutions. %N 1 %P 1999-11-30 %V 62 %B American Journal of Political Science %B 62 (2018), 1, S. 210-229 %K Regionalwirtschaft und Infrastruktur;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Methodenforschung;Politik;Frankreich;Deutschland ;Italien %R https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12332 %0 Book %8 19.03.2019 %M 9015050 %T Flexible Electricity Use for Heating in Markets with Renewable Energy %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 44 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.617157.de/dp1769.pdf %+ Wolf-Peter Schill, Alexander Zerrahn %A Schill, Wolf-Peter;Zerrahn, Alexander;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Using electricity for heating can contribute to decarbonization and provide flexibility to integrate variable renewable energy. We analyze the case of electric storage heaters in German 2030 scenarios with an open-source electricity sector model. Making customary night-time storage heaters temporally more flexible offers only moderate benefits because renewable availability during daytime is limited in the heating season. As storage heaters feature only short-term heat storage, they also cannot reconcile the seasonal mismatch of heat demand in winter and high renewable availability in summer. Generally, flexible electric heaters increase the use of generation technologies with low variable costs, which are not necessarily renewables. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1769 %K C61;Q41;Q42 %K Methodenforschung;Mathematische Optimierung;Energieökonomik;Angebot;Nachfrage;Erneuerbare Ressourcen;Themenliste Energiewende zu einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung;Elektrizität;Energieforschung;Energiereserven %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/195911 %0 Book %8 11.10.2018 %M 9014337 %T Testing Identification via Heteroskedasticity in Structural Vector Autoregressive Models %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 26 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.601441.de/dp1764.pdf %+ Helmut Lütkepohl, Mika Meitz, Aleksei NetŠunajev, Pentti Saikkonen %A Lütkepohl, Helmut;Meitz, Mika;Netsunajev, Aleksei;Saikkonen, Pentti;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Tests for identification through heteroskedasticity in structural vector autoregressive analysis are developed for models with two volatility states where the time point of volatility change is known. The tests are Wald type tests for which only the unrestricted model including the covariance matrices of the two volatility states have to be estimated. The residuals of the model are assumed to be from the class of elliptical distributions which includes Gaussian models. The asymptotic null distributions of the test statistics are derived and simulations are used to explore their small sample properties. Two empirical examples illustrate the usefulness of the tests. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1764 %K C32 %K VAR-Modell;Methodenforschung;Heteroskedastizität %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/183597 %0 Book %8 09.10.2018 %M 9014324 %T Constructing Joint Confidence Bands for Impulse Response Functions of VAR Models: A Review %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 27 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.601220.de/dp1762.pdf %+ Helmut Lütkepohl, Anna Staszewska-Bystrova, Peter Winker %A Lütkepohl, Helmut;Staszewska-Bystrova, Anna;Winker, Peter;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Methods for constructing joint confidence bands for impulse response functions which are commonly used in vector autoregressive analysis are reviewed. While considering separate intervals for each horizon individually still seems to be the most common approach, a substantial number of methods have been proposed for making joint inferences about the complete impulse response paths up to a given horizon. A structured presentation of these methods is provided. Furthermore, existing evidence on the small-sample performance of the methods is gathered. The collected information can help practitioners to decide on a suitable confidence band for a structural VAR analysis. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1762 %K C32 %K VAR-Modell;Methodenforschung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/183171 %0 Book %8 21.09.2018 %M 9014265 %T Intra-Household Risk Sharing and Job Search over the Business Cycle %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 53 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.598726.de/dp1760.pdf %+ Haomin Wang %A Wang, Haomin;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This paper studies the extent to which working couples can insure one another against cyclical fluctuations in the labor market and examines the implications of joint household decision-making for cyclical fluctuations in the unemployment rate. For this purpose, I provide a dynamic life-cycle model of households that make joint savings and job search decisions in the presence of aggregate shocks. I show that two key mechanisms are at play. The first is the added-worker effect, which leads to counter-cyclical search intensity because workers increase search intensity when their spouse becomes unemployed. The second is the comparative advantage effect, according to which couples’ job search efforts are coordinated based on the relative returns to search of each spouse. I estimate the model using data from the US Current Population Survey, and find that joint household decision-making contributes to the counter-cyclicality of women’s unemployment rate, but not for men. Moreover, joint household decision-making lowers the welfare costs of cyclicality. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1760 %K J64;E32;D10 %K Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Konjunkturelle Arbeitslosigkeit;Lebenszyklus;Arbeitsuche;Ehe;Methodenforschung;Risiko;Privater Haushalt;Arbeitsmarkt;USA;Befragung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/182582 %0 Book %8 06.09.2018 %M 9014188 %T The Entitlement Effect in the Ultimatum Game - Does It Even Exist? %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 61 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.597678.de/dp1756.pdf %+ Elif E. Demiral, Johanna Mollerstrom %A Demiral, Elif E.;Mollerstrom, Johanna;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Since the seminal paper of Hoffman et al. (1994), an entitlement effect is believed to exist in the Ultimatum Game, in the sense that proposers who have earned their role (as opposed to having it randomly allocated) offer a smaller share of the pie to their matched responder. The entitlement effect is at the core of experimental Public Choice – not just because it concerns the topics of bargaining and negotiations, but also because it relates to the question about under which circumstances actors behave more rational. We conduct three experiments, two in the laboratory and one online, with more than 1,250 participants. Our original motivation was to study gender differences, but ultimately we could not replicate the entitlement effect in the Ultimatum Game in any of our three experiments. Potential reasons for why the replication attempts fail are discussed. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %7 Corrected version of DP 1708 (2017) %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1756 %K C7;C9;D72;J16 %K Methodenforschung;Spieltheorie;Experiment;Mikroökonomik;Geschlechterforschung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Verhaltensforschung;Verhaltensökonomik %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/182227 %0 Book %8 07.08.2018 %M 9014075 %T Social Image Concerns and Welfare Take-Up %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 40 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.595760.de/dp1752.pdf %+ Jana Friedrichsen, Tobias König, Renke Schmacker %A Friedrichsen, Jana;König, Tobias;Schmacker, Renke;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Using a laboratory experiment, we present first evidence that social image concerns causally reduce the take-up of an individually beneficial transfer. Our design manipulates the informativeness of the take-up decision by varying whether transfer eligibility is based on ability or luck, and how the transfer is financed. We find that subjects avoid the inference both of being low-skilled (ability stigma) and of being willing to live o_ others (free-rider stigma). Using a placebo treatment, we exclude other explanations for the observed stigma effects. Although stigma reduces take-up, elicitation of political preferences reveals that only a minority of \taxpayers" vote for the public transfer. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1752 %K C91;D03;H31;I38 %K Methodenforschung;Verhaltensökonomik;Öffentliche Sozialleistungen;Private Haushalte und Familien;Experiment;Umverteilung;Soziales und Gesundheit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/182223 %0 Book %8 13.08.2018 %M 9014095 %T Video Recordings in Experiments – Are There Effects on Self-Selection or the Outcome of the Experiment? %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 15 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.596079.de/dp1751.pdf %+ Tim Lohse, Salmai Qari %A Lohse, Tim;Qari, Salmai;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X The use of video recordings in experimental economics has become increasingly popular. However, little attention is paid to how this might affect the composition of the participating subjects and the intended treatment effect. We make a first attempt to shed light on these issues and address them in an incentivized face-to-face tax compliance experiment. The experiment contains two dimensions; i) the level of the fine for non-compliance; and ii) the presence of a recording video camera. The 2x2 design frees the intended treatment effect of the fine from any effect resulting from the announced use of a camera. Our findings point in the direction that neither gender nor personality traits nor other individual characteristics seem to have the explanatory power to predict participation in sessions’ with or without a camera, respectively. Most importantly, the presence of a recording video camera does not affect subjects’ observed decision behavior in the actual experiment. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1751 %K C90;C91;H26 %K Methodenforschung;Persönlichkeit;Experiment;Interview;Verhalten;Verhaltensforschung;Laborversuche;Steuervermeidung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Steuermoral %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/182222 %0 Book %8 25.07.2018 %M 9014026 %T Bootstrapping Impulse Responses of Structural Vector Autoregressive Models Identified through GARCH %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 42 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.595124.de/dp1750.pdf %+ Helmut Lütkepohl, Thore Schlaak %A Lütkepohl, Helmut;Schlaak, Thore;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Different bootstrap methods and estimation techniques for inference for structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) models identified by conditional heteroskedasticity are reviewed and compared in a Monte Carlo study. The model is a SVAR model with generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) innovations. The bootstrap methods considered are a wild bootstrap, a moving blocks bootstrap and a GARCH residual based bootstrap. Estimation is done by Gaussian maximum likelihood, a simplified procedure based on univariate GARCH estimations and a method that does not re-estimate the GARCH parameters in each bootstrap replication. It is found that the computationally most efficient method is competitive with the computationally more demanding methods and often leads to the smallest confidence sets without sacrificing coverage precision. An empirical model for assessing monetary policy in the U.S. is considered as an example. It is found that the different inference methods for impulse responses lead to qualitatively very similar results. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %7 Revised Version Jan. 2019 %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1750 %K C32 %K Methodenforschung;Ökonometrie;VAR-Modell;Zeitreihenanalyse;Heteroskedastizität %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/201419 %0 Book %8 20.07.2018 %M 9014005 %T Monetary Policy, External Instruments and Heteroskedasticity %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 31 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.594874.de/dp1749.pdf %+ Thore Schlaak, Malte Rieth, Maximilian Podstawski %A Schlaak, Thore;Rieth, Malte;Podstawski, Maximilian;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X We develop a structural vector autoregressive framework that combines external instruments and heteroskedasticity for identification of monetary policy shocks. We show that exploiting both types of information sharpens structural inference, allows testing the relevance and exogeneity condition for instruments separately using likelihood ratio tests, and facilitates the economic interpretation of the structural shock of interest. We test alternative instruments and find that narrative and model-based measures are valid, while high-frequency data instruments show signs of invalidity. Finally, we document that monetary shocks identified with both a valid instrument and heteroskedasticity have larger effects on production and prices than monetary shocks identified via an instrument only. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %7 Revised Version June 2021 %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1749 %K E52;C32;E58;E32 %K Methodenforschung;Geld und Finanzmärkte;Geldpolitik;VAR-Modell;Regressionsanalyse;Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung;Heteroskedastizität %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/234976 %0 Book %8 17.07.2018 %M 9013996 %T Interactions in Fixed Effects Regression Models %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 16 S. : Anh. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.594675.de/dp1748.pdf %+ Marco Giesselmann, Alexander Schmidt-Catran %A Giesselmann, Marco;Schmidt-Catran, Alexander;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X An interaction in a fixed effects (FE) regression is usually specified by demeaning the product term. However, this strategy does not yield a genuine within estimator. Instead, an estimator is produced that reflects unit-level differences of interacted variables whose moderators vary within units. This is desirable if the interaction of one unit-specific and one time-dependent variable is specified in FE, but it may yield problematic results if both interacted variables vary within units. Then, as algebraic transformations show, the FE interaction estimator picks up unit-specific effect heterogeneity of both variables. Accordingly, Monte Carlo experiments reveal that it is biased if one of the interacted variables is correlated with an unobserved unit-specific moderator of the other interacted variable. In light of these insights, we propose that a within interaction of two timedependent variables be estimated by first demeaning each variable and then demeaning the product term. This “double-demeaned” estimator is not subject to bias caused by unobserved effect heterogeneity. It is, however, less efficient than standard FE and only works with T>2. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1748 %K C33;C51 %K Methodenforschung;Regressionsanalyse;Schätzung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/181033 %0 Book %8 10.07.2018 %M 9013958 %T Emission Pathways Towards a Low-Carbon Energy System for Europe: A Model-Based Analysis of Decarbonization Scenarios %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 37 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.594116.de/dp1745.pdf %+ Karlo Hainsch, Thorsten Burandt, Claudia Kemfert, Konstantin Löffler, Pao-Yu Oei, Christian von Hirschhausen %A Hainsch, Karlo;Burandt, Thorsten;Kemfert, Claudia;Löffler, Konstantin;Oei, Pao-Yu;Hirschhausen, Christian von;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X The aim of this paper is to showcase different decarbonization pathways for Germany and Europe with varying Carbon dioxide (CO2) constraints until 2050. The Global Energy System Model (GENeSYS-MOD) framework, a linear mathematical optimization model, is used to compute low-carbon scenarios for Europe as a whole, as well as for 17 European countries or regions. The sectors power, low- and high-temperature heating, and passenger and freight transportation are included, with the model endogenously constructing capacities in each period. Emission constraints differ between different scenarios and are either optimized endogenously by the model, or distributed on a per-capita basis, GDP-dependent, or based on current emissions. The results show a rapid phase-in of renewable energies, if a carbon budget in line with established climate targets is chosen. In the 2° pathway, the power and low-temperature heat sectors are mostly decarbonized by 2035, with the other sectors following. Wind power is the most important energy source in Europe by 2050, followed by solar energy and hydro power. The heating sector is dominated by biogas and heat pumps, while electric vehicles emerge in the transportation sector in the later periods. Differences in renewable potentials lead to different developments in the regions, e.g., converting Germany from a net exporter of electricity into an importing country by 2050. In the 1.5° pathway, not all calculations are feasible, showcasing that especially countries like Poland or the Balkan region that heavily rely on fossil fuels will face difficulties transitioning away from their current generation capacities. It can, however, be shown that the achievement of the 2° target can be met with low additonal costs compared to the business as usual case, while reducing total emissions by more than 30%. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1745 %K C61;Q4;L9 %K Umwelt- und Ressourcenökonomik;Methodenforschung;Ökonometrisches Modell;Energieökonomik;Energiepolitik;Energiereserven;Themenliste Energiewende zu einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung;Industrieökonomik;Kohle;Kohlepolitik %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/181031 %0 Book %8 29.06.2018 %M 9013910 %T Herd Behavior in FDA Committees: A Structural Approach %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 45 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.593209.de/dp1744.pdf %+ Melissa Newham, Rune Midjord %A Newham, Melissa;Midjord, Rune;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Many important decisions within public and private organizations are based on recommendations from expert committees and advisory boards. A notable example is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's advisory committees, which make recommendations on new drug applications. Previously the voting procedure for these committees was sequential, however, due to concerns of herding and momentum effects the procedure was changed to simultaneous voting. Exploiting a novel dataset of more than ten thousand votes cast by experts in the FDA committees under both sequential and simultaneous voting, we estimate a structural model that allows us to measure the magnitude and importance of informational herding. We show that experts, voting on important scientific questions, are susceptible to herd behavior; on average 46% of the members take into consideration the sequence of previous votes when casting their vote, 17% of these voters actually herd i.e. change their vote from what they would have voted if ignoring the preceding votes. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1744 %K D72;D82;D83;D91;I10;I18 %K Methodenforschung;Entscheidungstheorie;Entscheidung;Soziales und Gesundheit;Gesundheit;Gesundheitspolitik %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/181030 %0 Book %8 18.05.2018 %M 9013684 %T The Effects of Pricing Waste Generation: A Synthetic Control Approach %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 22 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.584586.de/dp1737.pdf %+ Matheus Bueno, Marica Valente %A Bueno, Matheus;Valente, Marica;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X To internalize pollution externalities into household waste generation, Unit Pricing Systems (UPS) have been adopted worldwide. This paper evaluates the causal effects of a UPS on the disposal of municipal solid waste in Trento, Italy. To account for policy endogeneity due to unobservables, we employ the synthetic control method on a unique panel of monthly waste generation. Our results show that the policy was effective, with a significant decrease of the priced waste stream,unsorted waste, by 37.5%. This effect seems to be largely driven by behavioral changes towards waste avoidance (-8,6%) and a minor increase in recycling (+6,1%). %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1737 %K D01;C21;Q53 %K Umwelt- und Ressourcenökonomik;Methodenforschung;Mikroökonomik;Abfall;Abfallentsorgung;Italien %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/178998 %0 Book %8 03.04.2018 %M 9013522 %T The Effect of Big Data on Recommendation Quality: The Example of Internet Search %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 44 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.581628.de/dp1730.pdf %+ Maximilian Schäfer, Geza Sapi, Szabolcs Lorincz %A Schäfer, Maximilian;Sapi, Geza;Lorincz, Szabolcs;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Are there economies of scale to data in internet search? This paper is first to use real search engine query logs to empirically investigate how data drives the quality of internet search results. We find evidence that the quality of search results improve with more data on previous searches. Moreover, our results indicate that the type of data matters as well: personalized information is particularly valuable as it massively increases the speed of learning. We also provide some evidence that factors not directly related to data such as the general quality of the applied algorithms play an important role. The suggested methods to disentangle the effect of data from other factors driving the quality of search results can be applied to assess the returns to data in various recommendation systems in e-commerce, including product and information search. We also discuss the managerial, privacy, and competition policy implications of our findings. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1730 %K C55;L81;L86;M15 %K Methodenforschung;Medienwirtschaft, Telekommunikation, Informationswirtschaft;Internet;Online-Handel;Big Data;Suchmaschine %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/178209 %0 Book %8 26.03.2018 %M 9013504 %T The Relation between Monetary Policy and the Stock Market in Europe %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 14 S. %Z Sb 89 Diskuss. %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.581410.de/dp1729.pdf %+ Helmut Lütkepohl, Aleksei Netsunajev %A Lütkepohl, Helmut;Netsunajev, Aleksei;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X We use a cointegrated structural vector autoregressive model to investigate the relation between euro area monetary policy and the stock market. Since there may be an instantaneous causal relation we consider long-run identifying restrictions for the structural shocks and also use (conditional) heteroskedasticity in the residuals for identification purposes. Heteroskedasticity is modelled by a Markov-switching mechanism. We find a plausible identification scheme for stock market and monetary policy shocks which is consistent with the second order moment structure of the variables. The model indicates that contractionary monetary policy shocks lead to a long-lasting down-turn of real stock prices. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1729 %K C32 %K Methodenforschung;Geld und Finanzmärkte;Geldpolitik;Themenliste Geldpolitik;VAR-Modell;Regressionsanalyse;Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung;Heteroskedastizität;Aktienmarkt %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/176794 %0 Book %8 24.01.2019 %M 9014841 %T Mindestlohn und Lohngerechtigkeit %G Deutsch %D 2018 %P 32 S. : Anh. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.612257.de/diw_sp1013.pdf %+ Marleen von der Heiden, Ralf Himmelreicher %A Heiden, Marleen von der;Himmelreicher, Ralf K.;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Wie nehmen Geringverdiener den Mindestlohn war? Führt er in ihren Augen zu mehr Lohngerechtigkeit? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden im Auftrag des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) des DIW Berlin von Infratest Sozialforschung Fokusgruppengespräche durchgeführt. An diesen Gesprächen haben 31 Personen teilgenommen. Unter Berücksichtigung der Arbeitsmarktsituation von zum Teil arbeitslosen, zum Teil im Niedriglohnsegment beschäftigten Befragten aus verschiedenen Regionen geht es zunächst darum herauszufinden, ob sie ihre eigene Entlohnung als gerecht einschätzen. In einem zweiten Schritt wird nach der Eignung des Mindestlohns als Instrument zur Herstellung von Lohngerechtigkeit gefragt. Schließlich geht es um die Erfahrungen der Befragten mit der Durchsetzung des Mindestlohns. Halten sich Beschäftigte und Unternehmen daran oder wird er umgangen? Und falls er umgangen wird, welche Umgehungsstrategien werden genannt? Erste Ergebnisse der Auswertung zeigen, dass Arbeitslose und geringverdienende Befragte ihre Arbeitsmarktsituation eher als perspektivlos einschätzen. Vor allem ältere Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer sowie diejenigen, die Kinder oder Angehörige betreuen, fühlen sich am Arbeitsmarkt ungerecht behandelt. Die Einschätzung des Mindestlohns fällt im Allgemeinen positiv aus, jedoch werden Ausnahmeregelungen und Umgehungsstrategien als ungerecht wahrgenommen. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 1013 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Surveymethodik;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Makroökonomik;Methodenforschung;Mindestlohn;Lohnquote;Lohnpolitik %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/191744 %0 Book %8 17.09.2018 %M 9014249 %T Machbarkeitsstudie zur Verbesserung der Forschungsdateninfrastruktur im Bereich Hochvermögender mit dem Sozio-oekonomischen Panel (SOEP) %G Deutsch %D 2018 %P 53 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.598426.de/diw_sp0981.pdf %+ Carsten Schröder, Charlotte Bartels, Markus M. Grabka, Martin Kroh, Rainer Siegers %A Schröder, Carsten;Bartels, Charlotte;Grabka, Markus M.;Kroh, Martin;Siegers, Rainer;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Das Ausmaß der Vermögenskonzentration in Deutschland lässt sich aufgrund der stark eingeschränkten Datenlage zu hohen Vermögen kaum abschätzen. Dementsprechend sieht auch der fünfte Armuts- und Reichtumsbericht der Bundesregierung weiteren Bedarf, die Datenlage in diesem Bereich zu verbessern (Bundesregierung, 2017). Wir haben eine Machbarkeitsstudie durchgeführt, in der ein innovatives Konzept entwickelt, implementiert und im Feld getestet wurde, um Personen mit hohen Vermögen in Deutschland (Top-Vermögende) gezielt zu befragen und in das Sozio-ökonomische Panel (SOEP) zu integrieren. Damit sollen künftig repräsentative Aussagen für "Top-Vermögende" ermöglicht werden. Unter Top-Vermögende sind Personen zu verstehen, deren Vermögen im obersten Bereich existierender Bevölkerungsbefragungen liegen oder darüber (mind. hohe einstellige individuelle Nettovermögen). Die Ergebnisse dieser Machbarkeitsstudie sind Gegenstand des vorliegenden Berichts. Dieser konzentriert sich auf das bei Verteilungsanalysen häufig verwendete Aggregat des Nettovermögens, also die Summe aus Geld- und Sachvermögen abzüglich Schulden. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 981 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;SOEP Surveymethodik;Methodenforschung;Forschungsdaten;Vermögen;Vermögensstatistik;Vermögensverteilung;Panel;Befragung;Deutschland ;Private Haushalte und Familien %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/182241 %0 Book %8 14.08.2018 %M 9014107 %T A Novel Sampling Strategy for Surveying High-Worth Individuals - An Application Using the Socio-Economic Panel %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 40 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.596118.de/diw_sp0978.pdf %+ Carsten Schröder, Charlotte Bartels, Markus M. Grabka, Martin Kroh, Rainer Siegers %A Schröder, Carsten;Bartels, Charlotte;Grabka, Markus M.;Kroh, Martin;Siegers, Rainer;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X High-worth individuals are typically underrepresented or completely missing in population surveys. The lack of a register-based sampling frame on high-worth individuals in many countries challenged previous attempts to sample high-worth individuals in voluntary scientific surveys. In a novel research design, we draw on register data on the shareholding structures of companies as a sampling frame. Our design builds on the empirical regularity that high-worth individuals are likely to hold at least part of their assets in the form of shareholdings. Based on data from over 270 million companies worldwide, we identified individuals who are both German residents and registered shareholders of companies. In a feasibility study, we interviewed 124 households from a gross sample of 2,000 anchor persons. Our analysis shows that register data on shareholding structures correctly identifies the individuals' rank in the wealth distribution, that the quality of personal information, particularly the residential address, is sufficiently high for subsequent interviewing, and that the approach can fill a major data and research gap in the study of high-worth individuals and the top-end of the wealth distribution. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 978 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Surveymethodik;SOEP Einkommen, Steuern und Soziale Sicherung;Methodenforschung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Wohlstand;Vermögensverteilung;Kapitalbeteiligung;Individuum;Stichprobenerhebung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/182205 %0 Book %8 06.08.2018 %M 9014072 %T Wie gut funktioniert das Onomastik-Verfahren? Ein Test am Beispiel des SOEP-Datensatzes %G Deutsch %D 2018 %P 26 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.595744.de/diw_sp0976.pdf %+ Elisabeth Liebau, Andreas Humpert, Klaus Schneiderheinze %A Liebau, Elisabeth;Humpert, Andreas;Schneiderheinze, Klaus;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X In Deutschland kommt dem Onomastik-Verfahren von Humpert und Schneiderheinze für die Ziehung einer umfassenden Stichprobe von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Das Verfahren leitet mit einer gewissen Wahrscheinlichkeit die regionale Herkunft einer Person von ihrem Namen ab. In diesem Beitrag wird anhand verschiedener Gütekriterien der Frage nachgegangen, wie gut das Onomastik-Verfahren funktioniert und ob es möglicherweise bei bestimmten Zuwanderergruppen zu einer verzerrten Datengrundlage führen kann. Der vorliegende Verfahrenstest auf Grundlage des SOEPs hat ergeben, dass das Onomastik-Verfahren insgesamt betrachtet bei 14 Prozent der Fälle eine falsche Zuordnung trifft. Die überwiegende Mehrheit dieser falschen Zuordnungen kommt bei der Gruppe von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund zustande. Bei der korrekten Identifikation einzelner Herkunftsländer weisen Japan (100%), Deutschland bzw. kein Migrationshintergrund (98%) und die Türkei (97%) die höchsten Trefferquoten auf. Bei Herkunftsländern wie der Schweiz (2%) und Österreich (2%) werden die geringsten Trefferquoten gemessen. Durch den Einsatz des Onomastik-Verfahrens wird das Ausmaß des Integrationsfortschrittes für Zuwanderer und ihrer Nachkommen aus Herkunftsländern mit bedeutendem (Spät-)Aussiedlerzustrom unterschätzt. Ursache hierfür dürfte die nicht vollständige Identifizierung der Teilgruppe der (Spät)Aussiedler sein, die insbesondere hinsichtlich Sprache, Identifikation mit Deutschland und sozialer Einbettung besser integriert sind. Bei den anderen untersuchten Ländern wird hingegen die soziale und strukturelle Integrationsdimension durch den Einsatz des Onomastik-Verfahrens überschätzt. Die Suche nach den Gründen für falsche Zuordnungen oder unvollständige Identifizierung von Teilgruppen legt offen, dass für die Hälfte aller Fehler ein vollständig deutschsprachiger Name der Person mit Migrationshintergrund (durch deutschsprachiges Ausland oder deutsche Minderheiten) eine plausible Erklärung darstellt. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 976 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Surveymethodik;SOEP Integration, Migration und Transnationalisierung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Methodenforschung;Migranten;Integration;Messung;Name;Panel;Onomastik %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/181235 %0 Book %8 25.07.2018 %M 9014024 %T Age Differences in Intertemporal Choice: U-Shaped Associations in a Probability Sample of German Households %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 40 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.595118.de/diw_sp0974.pdf %+ David Richter, Rui Mata %A Richter, David;Mata, Rui;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X To describe adult age differences in intertemporal choice, we analyzed data from 1,491 participants who completed an incentivized monetary intertemporal discounting choice task involving different conditions (e.g., time delay of 12 months vs. 1 month). Respondents completed a number of other survey measures, including behavioral measures of cognitive ability, and self-reports concerning health, financial security, and demographic characteristics. We found significant quadratic (U-shaped) effects of age in task conditions involving 12-month (but not 1-month) delays, with middle-aged adults proving most patient relative to younger and older adults. The age effects found were robust to the inclusion of covariates, including cognitive ability, that have been suggested to underlie individual and age differences in time preferences. The results favor theories that propose non-linear effects of age-related processes or multiple mechanisms underlying the development of intertemporal choice across the life span and suggest that it is important to consider long time delays and wide age ranges when trying to understand age differences in time preferences. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 974 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Einstellungen, Werte und Persönlichkeit;SOEP Demografie und Bevölkerung;SOEP Surveymethodik;Methodenforschung;Private Haushalte und Familien;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Entscheidung;Zeitverwendung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/181027 %0 Book %8 02.03.2018 %M 9013398 %T Mehr oder weniger arbeiten? Es kommt darauf an, wie man fragt: Methodische Aspekte der Präferenzmessung gewünschter Arbeitszeiten %G Deutsch %D 2018 %P 19 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEPpapers %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.579468.de/diw_sp0960.pdf %+ Verena Tobsch, Wenzel Matiaske, Elke Holst, Tanja Schmidt, Hartmut Seifert %A Tobsch, Verena;Matiaske, Wenzel;Holst, Elke;Schmidt, Tanja;Seifert, Hartmut;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X Working time preferences of employees have been discussed in scientific and public debates more frequently. Yet, representative studies show controversial results regarding over- and underemployment for Germany. But these differences can only partially be explained by varying definitions of populations or sample selection. By means of data from the Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP) this article highlights the importance of wording and positioning of questions regarding working time preferences. The empirical findings suggest that further methodological research is essential. %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW Berlin ; 960 %K J22;M12;C83 %K Daten SOEP;SOEP Arbeit und Beschäftigung;SOEP Surveymethodik;Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Arbeitszeitgestaltung;Arbeitszeit;Arbeitsangebot;Methode;Methodenforschung;Befragung %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/176776 %0 Book %8 26.11.2018 %M 9014554 %T Erwartungen und Erfahrungen von Beschäftigten in Deutschland: Feldbericht und Codebuch zur standardisierten Beschäftigtenbefragung des Projekts B4 %G Deutsch %D 2018 %P 263 S. %Z Sb 89 Data Doc. %F Mono %F Sac %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.608139.de/diw_datadoc_2018-096.pdf %+ Susanne Edler, Andrea Hense, Stefan Liebig, Meike May, Julia Rüdel, Franziska Schork %A Edler, Susanne;Hense, Andrea;Liebig, Stefan;May, Meike;Rüdel, Julia;Schork, Franziska;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Data Documentation ; 96 %K Arbeit und Beschäftigung;Kündigung;Atypische Beschäftigung;Methodenforschung;Befragung;Arbeitskräfte;Soziale Ungleichheit %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/190996 %0 Book %8 11.07.2018 %M 9013966 %T GENeSYS-MOD v2.0 – Enhancing the Global Energy System Model: Model Improvements, Framework Changes, and European Data Set %G Englisch %D 2018 %P VI, 50 S. %Z Sb 89 Data Doc. %F Mono %F Sac %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.594273.de/diw_datadoc_2018-094.pdf %+ Thorsten Burandt, Konstantin Löffler, Karlo Hainsch %A Burandt, Thorsten;Löffler, Konstantin;Hainsch, Karlo;Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin %X This Data Documentation presents the second version of the Global Energy System Model (GENeSYSMOD), an open-source energy system modeling framework. The model endogenously determines costoptimal investment paths into conventional and renewable energy generation, different storage technologies, and some infrastructure investments in five-year steps until 2050. GENeSYS-MOD hereby focuses on the coupling of the three traditionally segregated sectors electricity, heat, and transportation - including all three sectors and their interconnections in the model. By allowing for different emission targets (such as emission budgets, yearly emission targets, or emission reduction goals), possible cost-minimizing pathways towards a largely (or even fully) decarbonized energy system can be analyzed. The second version of the model features more time slices, a more detailed representation of power trade and its infrastructure, performance improvements, and a fully revised technology data set. Additionally, to model improvements and changes, a high-quality data set for the European region to use with GENeSYS-MOD v2.0 is provided and described. An application of the European version of GENeSYS-MOD v2.0 can be found as an accompanying DIW Discussion Paper No. 1745 (Hainsch et al. 2018). %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin %B Data Documentation ; 94 %K Umwelt- und Ressourcenökonomik;Energieökonomik;Infrastrukturinvestition;Methodenforschung;Erneuerbare Ressourcen;Energiepolitik;Simulation;Ökonometrisches Modell %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/180395 %0 Journal Article %8 30.05.2018 %M 9013733 %T The Prosociality of Intuitive Decisions Depends on the Status Quo %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 127-138 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Manja Gärtner %A Gärtner, Manja %X Previous research came to contradictory conclusion about the prosocial nature of intuitive decisions, as compared to deliberate decisions. This paper proposes the prosociality of the status quo allocation as a determinant of the prosociality of intuitive decisions. I present results from two experiments (N = 1,649) that manipulate time pressure and elicit response times in a binary dictator game. One of the choices is prosocial while the other is pro-self. The status quo option is varied to be equal to the prosocial allocation in one treatment and the selfish allocation in a second treatment. In a third treatment, there is no status quo allocation. Time pressure is found to increase selfishness in treatments without a status quo and has no effect on choices in treatments with a status quo. However, the status quo systematically affects response times. Prosocial choices are made significantly faster than selfish choices under a prosocial status quo and selfish choices are made significantly faster than prosocial choices under a selfish status quo. %P 1999-11-30 %V 74 %B Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics %B 74 (2018), S. 127-138 %K C91;D03;D63 %K Methodenforschung;Spieltheorie;Laborversuche;Verhaltensökonomik %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2018.04.005 %0 Book Section %8 27.07.2018 %M 9014042 %T Language Barriers during the Fieldwork of the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 75-84 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F AufSam %1 DIW2018 %+ Jannes Jacobsen %A Jacobsen, Jannes %X The IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees is one of the first large-scale quantitative surveys in Germany focusing on refugees exclusively. It is able to provide valuable insights on the recent cohort of refugees who arrived in Germany as of the year 2013. However, due to the fact that most respondents of the target population are not proficient in German, the research partners who conducted the survey faced several obstacles. One crucial aspect in this regard was the written and audio translation of field instruments. Therefore, this paper gives some insights into the translation and fielding procedures and presents numbers on the use of written and audio translations in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees. We found that especially a written translation was very helpful, but also the audio files proved to facilitate participation in the survey. However, due to the fact that those tools are new and innovative, further research on their effects on survey quality needs to be carried out. %P 1999-11-30 %B Surveying the Migrant Population: Consideration of Linguistic and Cultural Issues %K Methodenforschung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Interview;Sprache;Flüchtlinge %0 Journal Article %8 21.02.2018 %M 9013338 %T Opening the Black Box of Energy Modelling: Strategies and Lessons Learned %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 63-71 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Stefan Pfenninger, Lion Hirth, Ingmar Schlecht, Eva Schmid, Frauke Wiese, Tom Brown, Chris Davis, Matthew Gidden, Heidi Heinrichs, Clara Heuberger, Simon Hilpert, Uwe Krien, Carsten Matke, Arjuna Nebel, Robbie Morrison, Berit Müller, Guido Pleßmann, Matthias Reeg, Jörn Richstein, Abhishek Shivakumar, Iain Staffell, Tim Tröndle, Clemens Wingenbach %A Pfenninger, Stefan;Hirth, Lion;Schlecht, Ingmar;Schmid, Eva;Wiese, Frauke;Brown, Tom;Davis, Chris;Gidden, Matthew;Heinrichs, Heidi;Heuberger, Clara;Hilpert, Simon;Krien, Uwe;Matke, Carsten;Nebel, Arjuna;Morrison, Robbie;Müller, Berit;Pleßmann, Guido;Reeg, Matthias;Richstein, Jörn;Shivakumar, Abhishek;Staffell, Iain;Tröndle, Tim;Wingenbach, Clemens %X The global energy system is undergoing a major transition, and in energy planning and decision-making across governments, industry and academia, models play a crucial role. Because of their policy relevance and contested nature, the transparency and open availability of energy models and data are of particular importance. Here we provide a practical how-to guide based on the collective experience of members of the Open Energy Modelling Initiative (Openmod). We discuss key steps to consider when opening code and data, including determining intellectual property ownership, choosing a licence and appropriate modelling languages, distributing code and data, and providing support and building communities. After illustrating these decisions with examples and lessons learned from the community, we conclude that even though individual researchers' choices are important, institutional changes are still also necessary for more openness and transparency in energy research. %P 1999-11-30 %V 19 %B Energy Strategy Reviews %B 19 (2018), S. 63-71 %K Energieökonomik;Methodenforschung;Datenverarbeitung;Ökonometrisches Modell;Software %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2017.12.002 %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/200101 %0 Book %8 18.06.2018 %M 9013835 %T Replication Studies in Economics How Many and Which Papers Are Chosen for Replication, and Why? %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 40 S. %Z DIWDok %F Mono %F WP %1 DIW2018 %+ Frank Müller-Langer, Benedikt Fecher, Dietmar Harhoff, Gert G. Wagner %A Mueller-Langer, Frank;Fecher, Benedikt;Harhoff, Dietmar;Wagner, Gert G.;Europäische Kommission;EU Science Hub : The European Commission's Science and Knowledge Service %X We investigate how often replication studies are published in empirical economics and what types of journal articles are eventually replicated. We find that from 1974 to 2014 0.10% of publications in the Top 50 economics journals were replications. We take into account the results of replication (negating or reinforcing) and the extent of replication: narrow replication studies are typically devoted to mere replication of prior work while scientific replication studies provide a broader analysis. We find evidence that higher-impact articles and articles by authors from leading institutions are more likely to be subject to published replication studies whereas the probability of published replications is lower for articles that appeared in higher-ranked journals. Our analysis also suggests that mandatory data disclosure policies may have a positive effect on the incidence of replication. %N 2018-01 2018-01 %P 2018-01-01 %C Seville %I European Commission %B JRC Technical Reports : JRC Digital Economy Working Paper ; 2018-01 %K A1;B4;C12;C13 %K Methodenforschung;Wissenschaftspolitik;Methode;Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten %0 Book %8 06.09.2018 %M 9014189 %T Model Selection Methods for Panel Vector Autoregressive Models %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 135, XXXVI S. %Z DIWDok %F Mono %F Sac %1 DIW2018 %+ Annika Schnücker %A Schnücker, Annika %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I FU Berlin %K Methodenforschung;VAR-Modell;Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung;Geld und Finanzmärkte;Geldpolitik %0 Journal Article %8 17.10.2018 %M 9014377 %T Who Cares about Social Image? %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 61-77 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Jana Friedrichsen, Dirk Engelmann %A Friedrichsen, Jana;Engelmann, Dirk %X This paper experimentally investigates how concerns for social approval relate to intrinsic motivations to purchase ethically. Participants state their willingness-to-pay for both a fair trade and a conventional chocolate bar in private or publicly. A standard model of social image predicts that all participants increase their fair trade premium when facing an audience. We find that the premium is indeed higher in public than in private. This effect, however, is driven by participants who preferred a conventional chocolate bar over a fair trade one in a pre-lab choice. For those who chose the fair trade chocolate bar, public exposure does not change the fair trade premium. This is captured by a generalized model where intrinsic preferences and the concern for social approval are negatively correlated. %P 1999-11-30 %V 110 %B European Economic Review %B 110 (2018), S. 61-77 %K C91;D12 %K Mikroökonomik;Konsumentenverhalten;Methodenforschung;Experiment;Laborversuche;Private Haushalte und Familien;Ethik %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.08.001 %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/225345 %0 Book %8 25.06.2018 %M 9013862 %T SOEP Wave Report 2017 %G Englisch %D 2018 %P 196 S. %Z Sb 89 SOEP Wave %F Stück %F Sac %1 DIW2018 %U http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.592826.de/wave_report_2017.pdf %+ Janina Britzke, Jürgen Schupp (Eds.) %A Britzke, Janina;Schupp, Jürgen %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I DIW Berlin / SOEP %B SOEP Wave Report ; 8 %K Methodenforschung;Panel;SOEP;Deutschland %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/191296 %0 Journal Article %8 19.11.2018 %M 9014532 %T Social Image Concerns and Welfare Take-Up %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 174-192 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Jana Friedrichsen, Tobias König, Renke Schmacker %A Friedrichsen, Jana;König, Tobias;Schmacker, Renke %X Using a laboratory experiment, we present first evidence that social image concerns causally reduce the take-up of an individually beneficial transfer. Our design manipulates the informativeness of the take-up decision by varying whether transfer eligibility is based on ability or luck, and how the transfer is financed. We find that subjects avoid the inference both of being low-skilled (ability stigma) and of being willing to live off others (free-rider stigma). Using a placebo treatment, we exclude other explanations for the observed stigma effects. Although stigma reduces take-up, elicitation of political preferences reveals that only a minority of “taxpayers” vote for the public transfer. %P 1999-11-30 %V 168 %B Journal of Public Economics %B 168 (2018), S. 174-192 %K C91;D03;H31;I38 %K Umverteilung;Experiment;Verhaltensökonomik;Private Haushalte und Familien;Sozialpolitik;Soziales und Gesundheit;Öffentliche Sozialleistungen;Methodenforschung %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.10.008 %U http://hdl.handle.net/10419/231786 %0 Journal Article %8 04.02.2019 %M 9014889 %T Flipping a Coin: Evidence from University Applications %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 240-250 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ Nadja Dwenger, Dorothea Kübler, Georg Weizsäcker %A Dwenger, Nadja;Kübler, Dorothea;Weizsäcker, Georg %X We empirically investigate the possibility that a decision maker prefers to avoid making a decision and instead delegates it to an external device, e.g., a coin flip. A large data set from the centralized clearinghouse for university admissions in Germany shows a choice pattern of applicants that is consistent with coin flipping and that entails substantial consequences for the matching outcome. In a series of experiments capturing the relevant features of university choice, participants often choose lotteries between allocations rather than certain allocations. This contradicts most theories of choice such as expected utility. A survey among university applicants links their choices to the experiments and confirms that the choice of random allocations is intentional. %P 1999-11-30 %V 167 %B Journal of Public Economics %B 167 (2018), S. 240-250 %K D03;D01 %K Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Methodenforschung;Spieltheorie;Entscheidungstheorie;Hochschule;Deutschland %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.09.014 %0 Book %8 16.07.2018 %M 9013985 %T Aftermath of Financial Crises and Natural Disasters on Public Budgets %G Englisch %D 2018 %P XXII, 127 S. %Z DIWDok %F Mono %F Sac %1 DIW2018 %+ Verena Grass %A Grass, Verena %P 1999-11-30 %C Berlin %I FU Berlin %K Geld und Finanzmärkte;Öffentliche Finanzen und Finanzwissenschaft;Öffentliche Schulden;Finanzkrise;Methodenforschung;Katastrophe;Europa;Öffentliche Anleihe %0 Journal Article %8 13.09.2018 %M 9014245 %T Gene Discovery and Polygenic Prediction from a Genome-Wide Association Study of Educational Attainment in 1.1 Million Individuals %G Englisch %D 2018 %P S. 1112-1121 %Z DIWDok %F Aufsatz %F RefSSCI %1 DIW2018 %+ James J. Lee, Robbee Wedow, Martin Kroh ... %A Lee, James J.;Wedow, Robbee;Kroh, Martin %X Here we conducted a large-scale genetic association analysis of educational attainment in a sample of approximately 1.1 million individuals and identify 1,271 independent genome-wide-significant SNPs. For the SNPs taken together, we found evidence of heterogeneous effects across environments. The SNPs implicate genes involved in brain-development processes and neuron-to-neuron communication. In a separate analysis of the X chromosome, we identify 10 independent genome-wide-significant SNPs and estimate a SNP heritability of around 0.3% in both men and women, consistent with partial dosage compensation. A joint (multi-phenotype) analysis of educational attainment and three related cognitive phenotypes generates polygenic scores that explain 11–13% of the variance in educational attainment and 7–10% of the variance in cognitive performance. This prediction accuracy substantially increases the utility of polygenic scores as tools in research. %P 1999-11-30 %V 50 %B Nature Genetics %B 50 (2018), S. 1112-1121 %K Bildung, Kultursektor, Non-Profit-Sektor;Methodenforschung;Demographie und Bevölkerung;Gentechnik;Bildungsabschluss;Bildungsniveau;Biotechnische Forschung;Biologische Daten %R https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0147-3