Trotz aller Initiativen zur Beseitigung des geschlechtsabhängigen Lohnunterschieds verdienen in Deutschland Männer weiterhin deutlich mehr als Frauen. Seit dem Jahr 2000 hat sich der sogenannte Gender Pay Gap in der Bundesrepublik nur um gut zwei Prozentpunkte reduziert, aktuell ist er damit der drittgrößte aller OECD-Staaten. Besonders deutlich wird die Lücke, die zwischen Männer- und Frauenlöhnen ...
We estimate a model of intertemporal male labor supply behavior which explicitly accounts for the effect of income taxation and the transfer system. Moreover, we model the demand-side driven rationing risk that prevents agents from choosing the optimal labor supply state. Our results show that elasticities derived in an unconstrained pure choice model are significantly higher compared to a model with ...
Population ageing combined with a shrinking potential workforce are main factors influencing future socio-economic development and the labour market. This paper has the objective to show the impact of population change on one important sector of the economy, the health care market. As the need for health care services increases with age, the population ageing is expected to have a direct influence ...
Health care is an important sector in all European countries showing a high dynamic in the past. In 2011 about 23 million persons were employed in health and social care, that is to say 10.4 % of total employment. The share of health care expenditures in GDP was 10 %. The health care workforce increased despite the overall trend of declining employment also during the economic crisis. The high dynamic ...
This paper shows the impact of demographic change on the demand for and supply of health care workforce in Denmark. As the need for health care services increases with age, the population ageing is expected to have a direct influence on the demand for health care and its workforce. The future supply of the health workforce is determined by the currently considerable portion of workforce that is approaching ...
The introduction, abolition and subsequent re-introduction of the minimum wage in the German electrical trade gave rise to series of natural experiments, which are used to study minimum wage effects. We find similar impacts in all three cases on wages, employment and the receipt of public welfare benefits. Average wages are raised by the minimum wage in East Germany, but there is almost no evidence ...
A popular argument for a federal minimum wage is that it will prevent in-work poverty and reduce income inequality. We examine this assertion for Germany, a welfare state with a relative generous means-tested social minimum and high marginal tax rates. Our analysis is based on a microsimulation model that accounts for the interactions between wages, the tax-benefit system and net incomes at the household ...
It is a longstanding debate whether members of parliament (MPs) should be allowed to follow sideline jobs in addition to their mandate. Critics claim that politicians already face binding time constraints and that moonlighting might lead to a neglect of inner-parliamentary duties. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate whether politicians with more sideline jobs show less effort inside ...