The self-employed are among those facing the highest probability of strong income losses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments in many countries introduced support programs to support the self-employed, including the German federal government, which approved a €50bn emergency aid program at the end of March 2020 offering one-off lump-sum payments of up to €15,000 to those facing...
Weibliche Selbstständige müssen deutlich häufiger Einkommensverluste hinnehmen – Wahrscheinlichkeit, von Eindämmungsmaßnahmen betroffen zu sein, ist bei selbstständigen Frauen um 60 Prozent höher als bei entsprechenden Männern – Weibliche Selbstständige leiden stärker unter psychischen Belastungen als ihre männlichen Pendants ...
Germany is leading in green competitiveness of its product exports. Deploying the green economic complexity methodology using German AFiD firm-level micro data, this study seeks to analyze explanatory variables for this trend such as green R&D subsidies and subnational density of related green technologies in the light of path dependencies in firms accumulation of green capabilities. It...
We provide a description of ownership patterns in the top 25 European banks for the period 2003–2015, where we especially focus on the global financial crisis. Investment managers, such as Blackrock, are dominant in terms of number of block holdings in different banks, maintaining fairly stable “common ownership” networks throughout our sample. However, the financial crisis led...
Common ownership - when an investor holds shares in two companies - has recently attracted significant attention from policy-makers and researchers, studying mainly US firms. European firms, however, are different as top investors with large stakes, like governments, founding families and foundations are much more prevalent. This paper takes a well-known common ownership measure derived from...
This paper contributes to the debate on the internationalization of the R&D activity of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Specifically, we examine the following research questions: (1) What are the determinants of the MNEs’ R&D internationalization level? (2) What types of internationalization strategies—home-base-augmenting (HBA), home-base-exploiting (HBE), technology-seeking (TS), and/or market-seeking ...
Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat das Leben vieler Menschen negativ beeinflusst. Auf Basis einer Sonderbefragung des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP-CoV) zeigt sich, dass die Pandemie die rund 4,2 Millionen Selbstständigen in Deutschland im Vergleich zu den abhängig Beschäftigten stärker getroffen hat. Dabei besteht ein deutlicher Gender Gap: Während 47 Prozent der selbstständigen Männer Einkommensverluste ...