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DIW Discussion Papers 2165 / 2026
We study sign asymmetry in the effect of conventional monetary policy on key real macroeconomic variables in the euro area, using monthly data ranging from 2002 until 2022. We make use of local projections with state-dependence coming from the sign of the monetary policy shock, employing shocks identified using high-frequency identification. Our baseline findings suggest that there are asymmetries ...
2026| Glenn Abela, Arianna Antezza, Alissa Gorelova, Gianmarco Meta, Roberta Montebello
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DIW Discussion Papers 2160 / 2026
Many countries use job-retention schemes, such as short-time work (STW), to stabilize the labor market during economic downturns. While these schemes might prevent unemployment (UE) and its adverse effects on workers, STW could also deter workers from moving to more productive firms, thereby negatively affecting their labor market outcomes in the long run. We analyze the long-term effects of STW and ...
2026| Clara Schäper, Katharina Wrohlich, Sabine Zinn
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DIW Discussion Papers 2159 / 2026
Does increased legal infrastructure empower victims to leave abusive relationships? Structural barriers often prevent victims of intimate partner violence from seeking help, with two-thirds of female victims in Europe neither reporting incidents nor accessing support. I study Germany’s 2002 Act on Protection against Violence, which introduced residence bans in shared households and temporarily awarded ...
2026| Clara Schäper
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DIW Discussion Papers 2135 / 2025
Commitment to gender equality and diversity has long been a stated priority for large companies, and one visible way to signal this commitment is through gender-inclusive language. Public debates around such language use increasingly surface regarding companies’ communication with stakeholders, including employees, customers, and shareholders. In particular, the adoption of newer forms of gender-inclusive ...
2025| Carolin Müller-Spitzer, Samira Ochs, Virginia Sondergeld, Katharina Wrohlich
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DIW Discussion Papers 2125 / 2025
This paper examines the gendered impact of divorce on earnings and the role of the social policy context in shaping this relationship. In particular, it focuses on a policy reform enacted in Germany in 2008 that overturned previous ex-spousal support rules. Data come from the administrative records of the German Public Pension Fund. Drawing on a fixed- effects model, we study the behaviour of women ...
2025| Michaela Kreyenfeld, Sarah Schmauk, Katharina Wrohlich, Daniel Brüggmann
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DIW Discussion Papers 2104 / 2024
This study examines how student aid eligibility influences application decisions to higher education using administrative data from France. We study the impact of a change in income thresholds for aid eligibility. We find that aid eligibility did not have a uniform effect on students’ applications but varied by gender and academic performance. Highperforming male students shifted their First-Ranked ...
2024| Camille Remigereau, Clara Schäper
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DIW Discussion Papers 2101 / 2024
Promoting fathers to take parental leave is seen as a promising way to advancegender equality. However, there is still a very limited understanding of its impact on fathers’ labor market outcomes. We conducted a correspondence study to analyze whether fathers who take parental leave face discrimination during the hiring process in three different occupations. Fathers who took parental leave in a female-dominated ...
2024| Julia Schmieder, Doris Weichselbaumer, Clara Welteke, Katharina Wrohlich
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DIW Discussion Papers 2099 / 2024
Child penalties in labour market outcomes are well-documented: after childbirth, mothers’ employment and earnings drop persistently compared to fathers. Beyond gender norms, a potential driver could be the loss in labour market skills due to mothers’ longer employment interruptions. This paper estimates child penalties in adult cognitive skills by adapting the pseudo-panel approach to a single cross-section ...
2024| Jonas Jessen, Lavinia Kinne, Michele Battisti
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DIW Discussion Papers 2076 / 2024
We contribute to the research on gender representation in economics by documenting the share of women among economists in a variety of leadership positions in the academic, but also in the private and public sectors, both globally and by region. For the years 2019 to 2023, we find women economists’ representation overall to be low in all sectors and no clear-cut trends over time. In academia, we find ...
2024| Jana Schuetz, Virginia Sondergeld, Insa Weilage
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DIW Discussion Papers 2046 / 2023
We analyze the impact of women’s managerial representation on the gender pay gap among employees on the establishment level using German Linked-Employer-Employee- Data from the years 2004 to 2018. For identification of a causal effect we employ a panel model with establishment fixed effects and industry-specific time dummies. Our results show that a higher share of women in management significantly ...
2023| Virginia Sondergeld, Katharina Wrohlich