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Long Working Hours and Depressive Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies and Unpublished Individual Participant Data

Referierte Aufsätze Web of Science

Marianna Virtanen, Markus Jokela, Ida E. H. Madsen, Linda L. Magnusson Hanson, Tea Lallukka, Solja T. Nyberg, Lars Alfredsson, G. David Batty, Jakob B. Bjorner, Marianne Borritz, Hermann Burr, Nico Dragano, Raimund Erbel, Jane E. Ferrie, Katriina Heikkilä, Anders Knutsson, Markku Koskenvuo, Eero Lahelma, Martin L. Nielsen, Tuula Oksanen, Jan H. Pejtersen, Jaana Pentti, Ossi Rahkonen, Reiner Rugulies, Paula Salo, Jürgen Schupp, Martin J. Shipley, Johannes Siegrist, Archana Singh-Manoux, Sakari B. Suominen, Töres Theorell, Jussi Vahtera, Gert G. Wagner, Jian Li Wang, Vasoontara Yiengprugsawan, Hugo Westerlund, Mika Kivimäki

In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 44. (2018), 3, S. 239-250

Abstract

Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis combined published study-level data and unpublished individual-participant data with the aim of quantifying the relation between long working hours and the onset of depressive symptoms. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase for published prospective cohort studies and included available cohorts with unpublished individual-participant data. We used a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate summary estimates across studies. Results We identified ten published cohort studies and included unpublished individual-participant data from 18 studies. In the majority of cohorts, long working hours was defined as working ≥55 hours per week. In multivariable-adjusted meta-analyses of 189 729 participants from 35 countries [96 275 men, 93 454 women, follow-up ranging from 1–5 years, 21 747 new-onset cases), there was an overall association of 1.14 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.25] between long working hours and the onset of depressive symptoms, with significant evidence of heterogeneity (I2=45.1%, P=0.004). A moderate association between working hours and depressive symptoms was found in Asian countries (1.50, 95% CI 1.13–2.01), a weaker association in Europe (1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.22), and no association in North America (0.97, 95% CI 0.70–1.34) or Australia (0.95, 95% CI 0.70–1.29). Differences by other characteristics were small. Conclusions This observational evidence suggests a moderate association between long working hours and onset of depressive symptoms in Asia and a small association in Europe.

Jürgen Schupp

Senior Research Fellow in the German Socio-Economic Panel study Department



Keywords: depression, depressive symptom, mental health, meta-analysis, overtime, participant data, psychological distress, systematic review, working hour, working life, working time
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org10.5271/sjweh.3712

Frei zugängliche Version: (econstor)
http://hdl.handle.net/10419/200145

Supplementary figure and tables
http://www.sjweh.fi/download_online.php?abstract_id=3712&file_nro=1

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