Welfare states redistribute both between individuals reducing annual inequality and over the life-cycle insuring against income risks. But studies measuring redistribution often focus only on a one-year period. Using German SOEP data from 1984 to 2009, long-term inequality over a 20-year period is computed and then decomposed into an inter- and intra-individual component. Results show that annual inequality ...
Vermögensteuer Vermögensteuer
This paper provides a study of bond yield differentials among EU government bonds on the basis of a unique data set of issue spreads in the US and DM (Euro) bond market between 1993 and 2009. Interest differentials between bonds issued by EU countries and Germany or the USA contain risk premiums which increase with fiscal imbalances and depend negatively on the issuer's relative bond market size. The ...
Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat 1975 festgestellt, daß "... sich die Rolle der Frau in Ehe und Familie rechtlich und tatsächlich zu wandeln begonnen hat ... ". Es verpflichtete den Gesetzgeber, bis zum Jahre 1984 in der Hinterbliebenenversorgung der Sozialversicherung die formalen Voraussetzungen für die Gleichberechtigung von Mann und Frau zu schaffen. Nach der Absicht der Bundesregierung soll bei ...
Im Vordergrund der politischen Diskussion um die Rentenreform 1984 stehen gegenwärtig Pläne, die nicht kostenneutral verwirklicht werden können. Auch wenn die Rentenfinanzierung zur Zeit gesichert ist, zeigt die für 1981 vorgesehene Beitragserhöhung von 18 auf 18,5 vH die mittelfristig zu erwartenden Schwierigkeiten. Die Verteilungswirkungen des gesamten Vorhabens sind nur schwer zu durchschauen. Folgende ...
Informal care by close family members is the main pillar of most longterm care systems. However, due to demographic ageing the need for long-term care is expected to increase while the informal care potential is expected to decline. From a budgetary perspective, informal care is often viewed as a cost-saving alternative to subsidized formal care. This view, however neglects that many family carers ...
Greece has the largest underground economy in the eurozone and one of the largest in Europe and the OECD countries. On the other hand, Greece is notoriously known for its sizable and widespread tax evasion primarily because of the large number of self employed and its wide geographical distribution. As documented by many studies, the two depend on a corrupted, inefficient and ineffective public administration. ...
While Greece’s poor record on investment and exports predates the crisis, the deep economic recession has made addressing long-standing weaknesses a priority. This paper takes a closer look at selected structural reforms that are critical for bolstering investments and exports in Greece. We investigate the areas of licensing, competition, professions, land use, and trade facilitation. In all areas ...