At the end of 2014, women were no better represented on the top decision-making bodies of enterprises in the financial sector than the previous year. The share of women on the executive boards of the 100 largest banks and savings banks remained at an average of almost seven percent and on the executive boards of the 60 largest insurance companies at 8.5 percent. On supervisory boards, change was slow ...
Last year, more women were appointed to the executive boards of major financial institutions. The share of women on the executive boards of banks and savings banks at the end of 2013 was a good six percent, which represents an increase of almost two percentage points over the previous year. This increase is primarily attributable to changes at private financial institutions and cooperative banks. At ...
We study the effect of a merger in a dynamic high-technology industry—the videogame market—which is characterized by the frequent introduction of new products. To assess the impact of the merger between two large specialist retailers in the United Kingdom—Game Group PLC and Games Station Limited—we perform a difference-in-differences analysis comparing the price evolution of the merging parties with ...
Im Finanzsektor kamen im vergangenen Jahr mehr Frauen in die Vorstände großer Kreditinstitute. Ihr Anteil bei Banken und Sparkassen lag Ende 2013 bei gut sechs Prozent, was einem Plus von knapp zwei Prozentpunkten gegenüber dem Vorjahr entspricht. Dieser Anstieg ist vor allem auf Veränderungen bei den privaten Geldhäusern und den Genossenschaftsbanken zurückzuführen. In den öffentlich-rechtlichen Banken ...
When analyzing economic aspects at regional levels, the spatial dimension of the data plays a crucial role. This is the case as spatial data and models are often characterized by two spatial effects, namely spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity. The field of spatial econometrics is a separate field in econometrics that explicitly incorporates these spatial effects into econometric models. Following ...
The amendment to the German Trade and Crafts Code in 2004 offers a natural experiment to asses the causal effects of this reform on the probabilities of being self-employed and transition into and out of self-employment, using cross-sections (2002-2006) of German microcensus data. This study applies the difference-in-differences technique in logit models for four occupational groups. Easing the educational ...
The past ten years have seen an expansion in industrial research. There has been a significant increase in the number of research-based companies, as well as in employment in research and development, and in expenditure in this area. Growth has been observed predominantly in companies in less research-intensive sectors and in small and medium-sized enterprises. Consequently, over the last decade, industrial ...
Die industrielle Forschung hat in den vergangenen zehn Jahren expandiert. Sowohl die Zahl der forschenden Unternehmen als auch die Beschäftigung in Forschung und Entwicklung und die finanziellen Aufwendungen in diesem Bereich haben deutlich zugenommen. Zuwächse gab es vor allem bei Unternehmen in den weniger forschungsintensiven Branchen und bei kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen. Die Industrieforschung ...