We present a model of takeover where the target optimally sets its reserve price. Under relatively standard symmetry restrictions, we obtain a unique equilibrium. The probability of takeover is only a function of the number of firms and of the insiders' share of total industry gains due to the increase in concentration. Our main application is to the linear Cournot and Bertrand models. A takeover is ...
This paper investigates the degree of integration of natural gas markets in Europe, North America and Japan in the time period between the early 1990s and 2004. The relationship between international gas market prices and their relation to the oil price are explored through principal components analysis and Johansen likelihood-based cointegration procedure. Both of them show a high level of natural ...
In 2005, the EU introduced an emissions trading system in order to pursue its Kyoto obligations. This instrument gives emitters the flexibility to undertake reduction measures in the most cost-efficient way and mobilizes market forces for the protection of the earth's climate. In this paper, we analyse the effects of emissions trading in Europe, with some special reference to the case of Germany. We ...
Erneuerbare Energien tragen wesentlich zum Klimaschutz, zur Schonung erschöpfbarer Ressourcen und zur Energieversorgungssicherheit bei. Ziel der Europäischen Union ist es, den Anteil erneuerbarer Energien bis 2020 auf mindestens 20 Prozent des Energieverbrauchs zu erhöhen. Deutschlands Anteil soll dabei von 8,6 Prozent im Jahr 2007 auf 18 Prozent steigen. Im Juni 2008 hat der Deutsche Bundestag beschlossen, ...