Due to the size and structure of its economy, Germany is one of the largest carbon emitters in the European Union. However, Germany is facing a major renewal and restructuring process in electricity generation. Within the next two decades, up to 50% of current electricity generation capacity may retire because of end-of-plant lifetime and the nuclear phase-out pact of 1998. Substantial opportunities, ...
Energy is an important commodity in many economic activities. Its usage affects the environment via CO2 emissions and the Greenhouse Effect. Modeling the energy-economy-environment-trade linkages is an important objective in applied economic policy analysis. Previously, however, the modeling of these linkages in GTAP has been incomplete. This is because energy substitution, a key factor in this chain ...
Seeking to play a pioneering role in climate protection, the European Union has decided to pursue a reduction of at least 20% in greenhouse-gas emissions (on 1990 levels) by the year 2020. Moreover, Europe has declared its willingness to commit itself to emission reductions of 30% over the same period if other developed countries commit themselves to similar targets and if developing countries also ...
The main aim of this paper is to investigate quantitatively the economic impacts of emissions stabilization scenarios with and without the inclusion of induced technological change (ITC). Improved technological innovations are triggered by increased research and development (R&D) expenditures that advance energy efficiencies. Model results show that ITCs due to increased investment in R&D reduce compliance ...
Emissions trading and the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources are key elements of German and European energy and climate policy. However, some critics oppose a targeted promotion of renewable energy, arguing in particular that this is ineffective or even damaging in conjunction with European emissions trading. Yet upon closer examination, the coexistence of emissions trading and promotion ...
Mit einer modifizierten Version des Multi-Actor Dynamic Integrated Assessment Model (MADIAM) werden die zukünftigen Kosten des Klimawandels und der Transformation des Energiesektors untersucht. Mittels einer Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse werden optimale Investitionsszenarien der Unternehmen berechnet. Im ökonomischen Kernmodell von MADIAM wird die Wirtschaft von der Profitmaximierung der Unternehmen angetrieben, ...
Die Ergebnisse ökonomischer Bewertungen der Auswirkungen des anthropogenen Treibhauseffekts weichen stark voneinander ab. Die Ursache liegt in drei entscheidenden normativen Annahmen, mit dem Ergebnis, dass die monetären Werte der gleichen Klimaauswirkungen um sechs und mehr Größenordnungen auseinander liegen. Der Beitrag veranschaulicht diesen Zusammenhang am Beispiel von Ernteausfällen aufgrund von ...