We review the state of knowledge concerning international CO2 emission transfers associated particularly with trade in energy-intensive goods and concerns about carbon leakage arising from climate policies. The historical increase in aggregate emission transfers from developing to developed countries peaked around 2006 and declined since. Studies find no evidence that climate policies lead to carbon ...
Over the course of a decade, Mexico transitioned from a peak of 1.8% of GDP given as fuel subsidies in 2008 to generating positive fuel tax revenues equivalent to 1.6% of its GDP in 2018. This paper analyzes Mexico's carbon pricing experience: the mechanisms that made fossil fuel subsidies such a large burden on public finances, the strategies followed in its five-year phase-out, and the institutional ...
Die Umstellung des europäischen Energiesystems auf einen geringeren Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen wird einen grundsätzlichen Wandel der Art und Weise erfordern, wie Energie bereitgestellt, transportiert und genutzt wird. Als hauptsächliche Energieträger kommen Strom, Wasserstoff und synthetisches Gas in Frage. Die kostengünstigste Option ist die weitgehende Elektrifizierung aller Wirtschaftssektoren. ...