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We derive a simple sufficient-statistics test for whether a nonlinear tax-transfer system is second-best Pareto efficient. If it is not, then it is beyond the top of the Laffer curve and there exists a tax cut that is self-financing. The test depends on the income distribution, extensive and intensive labor supply elasticities, and income effect parameters. A tax-transfer system is likely to be inefficient ...
In:
Scandinavian Journal of Economics
118 (2016), 4, 646-665
| Normann Lorenz, Dominik Sachs
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How and why commuting contributes to our well-being is of considerable importance for transportation policy and planning. This paper analyses the relation between commuting and subjective well-being by considering several cognitive (e.g., satisfaction with family life, leisure, income, work, health) and affective (e.g., happiness, anger, worry, sadness) components of subjective well-being. Fixed-effects ...
In:
Journal of Transport Geography
66 (2018), January 2018, 180-199
| Olga Lorenz
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Flexibility and spatial mobility of labour are central characteristics of modern societies which contribute not only to higher overall economic growth but also to a reduction of interregional employment disparities. For these reasons, there is the political will in many countries to expand labour market areas, resulting especially in an overall increase in commuting. The picture of the various, unintended ...
2017,
| Olga Lorenz
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This paper explores the causal relationship between commuting distance and height-adjusted weight (BMI) in Germany, using micro-level data for the period 2004 – 2012. In contrast to previous papers, we find no evidence that longer commutes are associated with a higher BMI. The non-existence of a relationship between BMI and commuting distance prevails when physical activity and eating habits are adjusted ...
2016,
| Olga Lorenz, Laszlo Goerke
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We investigate the causal effect of commuting on sickness absence from work using German panel data. To address reverse causation, we use changes in commuting distance for employees who stay with the same employer and who have the same residence during the period of observation. In contrast to previous papers, we do not observe that commuting distances are associated with higher sickness absence, in ...
Berlin:
DIW Berlin,
2017,
(SOEPpapers 946)
| Olga Lorenz, Laszlo Goerke
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Unemployment, divorce, and marriage are common life events for most people in Western societies. In a longitudinal study, the authors investigated how these life events affect life satisfaction when they occur repeatedly. Data came from the German Socio-Economic Panel, a large-scale representative panel study, and were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results showed that, in general, life satisfaction ...
In:
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
97 (2009), 2, 363-381
| Maike Luhmann, Michael Eid
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Contrary to common stereotypes, loneliness is not restricted to old age but can occur at any life stage. In this study, we used data from a large, nationally representative German study (N = 16,132) to describe and explain age differences in loneliness from late adolescence to oldest old age. The age distribution of loneliness followed a complex nonlinear trajectory, with elevated loneliness levels ...
In:
Developmental Psychology
52 (2016), 6, 943-959
| Maike Luhmann, Louise C. Hawkley
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Previous research has shown that major life events can have short- and long-term effects on subjective well-being (SWB). The present meta-analysis examines (a) whether life events have different effects on affective and cognitive well-being and (b) how the rate of adaptation varies across different life events. Longitudinal data from 188 publications (313 samples, N = 65,911) were integrated to describe ...
In:
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
102 (2012), 3, 592-615
| Maike Luhmann, Wilhelm Hofmann, Michael Eid, Richard E. Lucas
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Life satisfaction (LS) is prospectively associated with the occurrence of several major events in work and family life. Analyzing longitudinal data from three nationally representative panel studies (Ns between 2,321 and 18,692), the authors found that higher LS is associated with a higher likelihood of marriage and childbirth, and with a lower likelihood of marital separation, job loss, starting a ...
In:
Social Psychological and Personality Science
4 (2013), 1, 39-45
| Maike Luhmann, Richard E. Lucas, Michael Eid, Ed Diener
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Most theories of personality development posit that changes in life circumstances (e.g. due to major life events) can lead to changes in personality, but few studies have examined the exact time course of these changes. In this article, we argue that time needs to be considered explicitly in theories and empirical studies on personality development. We discuss six notions on the role of time in personality ...
In:
European Journal of Personality
28 (2014), 3, 256-266
| Maike Luhmann, Ulrich Orth, Jule Specht, Christian Kandler, Richard E. Lucas