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Income distribution: Signs of a trend reversal in the poverty risk; single parents less frequently at risk of poverty

Despite high inflation, the real gross hourly wages of employees grew by around 15 percent from 1995 to 2022. In particular, the lowest wage decile caught back up to all other deciles following a sharp drop in real wages. At the same time, the low-wage sector has shrunk by nearly five percentage points since 2007, and by even more in the east of Germany (14 percent). In 2022, 18.5 percent of employees ...

Real incomes increasing, low-income rate decreasing in individual age groups

The number of employed persons in Germany has grown by over five million since 2000, in part due to an increase in immigration. This development is reflected in private household income, which has increased by 12 percent over the same period. Since 2013, all income groups have been benefiting from this increase and in 2015, the lowest income decile began benefiting as well. Disposable income inequality ...

Does more education protect against mental health problems?

Mental health conditions are a leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and health costs worldwide: They account for 199 million DALYs or 37 percent of healthy life years lost from non-communicable diseases. The sum of direct and indirect costs worldwide were estimated to amount to 2.5 trillion US dollars in 2010 and projected to increase to 6 trillion US dollars in 2030 (Bloom et al., ...

Are Forced Migrant Trajectories Path-Dependent? A Markov Analysis

This study evaluates whether the trajectories of forced migrants, specifically Syrian refugees moving towards Germany, exhibit path dependency—meaning that their migration decisions are influenced by past events and their previous migration experiences. Using data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP survey of refugees, this article investigates whether these migration trajectories adhere to a Markov process, where ...

Immigrants’ recruitment chances in the German labor market: Evidence from large-scale survey experiments

Preferences for Centralized Decision-Making in Times of Crisis: the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany

The health crisis caused by the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses enormous challenges to governments around the globe. Far-reaching measures have to be enacted, and even a slight delay can have fatal negative consequences. The necessity for swift and resolute governmental action constitutes a particular predicament for federal democracies like Germany ...

Measurement Invariance of central social science and health constructs among Syrian, Iraq and Afghan refugee groups in Germany

(Forced) migration is a major issue all over Europe. To assess requirements and needs of refugees, self-reports such as surveys are a relevant data collection method. Nevertheless, most measurement instruments are developed and validated in Western contexts. Due to i.e. cultural and language differences, comparability cannot be taken for granted. With the help of multi-group confirmatory analyses and ...

How reception centers affect the integration of asylum seekers and recognized refugees

After arrival, asylum seekers are often housed in reception centers. The type, quality and duration of stay in such centers varies considerably across or within countries. In the context of the so-called “EU refugee crisis” in 2014-2016, reports emerged that some asylum seekers and refugees remained in reception centers for several years due to limited capacity of municipalities, lengthy asylum procedures ...

The causal effect of liberalizing legal requirements on naturalization intentions

This study investigates the multifaceted factors influencing immigrants’ naturalization intentions, with a primary focus on legal requirements and the implementation of naturalization laws. It distinguishes between different groups of non-citizens, such as refugees, European Union (EU) citizens, and non-EU citizens. Employing a vignette experiment among non-citizens in a large-scale representative ...

Inequalities in Disability-Free and Disabling Multimorbid Life Expectancy in Costa Rica, Mexico, and the United States

To better understand variations in multimorbidity severity over time, we estimate disability-free and disabling multimorbid life expectancy (MMLE), comparing Costa Rica, Mexico, and the United States (US). We also assess MMLE inequalities by sex and education.Data come from the Costa Rican Study on Longevity and Healthy Aging (2005–2009), the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2012–2018), and the Health ...