This chapter is concerned with methods of causal inference in the presence of unobserved confounders. Three classes of estimators are discussed, namely, local identification using instrumental variables, sensitivity analysis, and 6 estimation of nonparametric bounds. In each case, the response to the core identification problem is to retreat from the standard focus on point identification of the average ...
In:
Stephen L. Morgan ,
Handbook of Causal Analysis for Social Research
Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer
| Markus Gangl