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Naming and War in Modern Germany

This paper analyzes naming behavior in Germany in the context of rapid social change. It begins with an overview of general developments in naming in Germany over the last one hundred years, based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), which supplies us with almost 45,000 datasets. The paper focuses on the periods of World War II and the Cold War since we conclude that general developments ...

Integrating Immigrants' Children into Labour Markets. The Impact of Individual Social Capital (Master thesis)

Differential employment prospects among atypical employees: Effects of type of contract or worker preference?

The paper analyses transitions between atypical and regular employment, focusing on the effects of different types of atypical employment on the transition probability to full-time and long-term employment. Theoretically, differences by type of contract are to be expected due to the specific functions of types of employment contracts for employers. Fixed-term contracts are often used for prolonged ...

Demographic Trends and the Changing Ability of Households to Buffer Poverty Risks in Germany

The article investigates how demographic trends influenced households’ abilities to compensate for low or lacking earnings among their members. I focus on the probability that household earnings excluding those of the respondent are above the poverty threshold. The share of households where this is the case declined sharply between 1993–1996 and 2009–2012, implying a deterioration of households’ potential ...

Poverty Trends in Germany and Great Britain: The Impact of Changes in Labour Markets, Families, and Social Policy

Jan Brülle shows how poverty risks in Germany between 1992 and 2012 increased concentrated on those with low educational levels, in lower occupational positions, and with precarious employment careers, as the country’s welfare state failed to adapt to widening inequalities in households’ market incomes. Contrasting the German experience with Great Britain, where social transfers to low-income families ...

Changing labour market risks in the service economy: Low wages, part-time employment and the trend in working poverty risks in Germany

The article presents an analysis of the development of labour market risks in Germany in light of changing working poverty risks. Low hourly wages and part-time employment are identified as the main demand-side-related mechanisms for household poverty. Their measurement and development are discussed as well as their contribution to trends in working poverty risks. A rise in low wages, especially among ...

The Effect of Economic Downturns on Apprenticeships and Initial Workplace Training: A Review of the Evidence

The existing empirical evidence on the relationship between apprenticeships, initial workplace training and economic downturns, is relatively scarce. The bottom line of this literature is that ratio of apprentices to employees tends to be (mildly) pro-cyclical and to decline during a recession, with the notable exception of the Great Depression, when it rose (at least in England). When broader measures ...

Does School Tracking Affect Equality of Opportunity? New International Evidence

Lost in Transition? The Returns to Education Acquired under Communism 15 years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall

Using data for 22 economies in Eastern and Western Europe, we find evidence that having studied under communism is relatively penalized in the economies of the late 2000s. This evidence, however, is limited to males and to primary and secondary education, and holds for eight CEE economies but not for the East Germans who have studied in the former German Democratic Republic. We also find that post-secondary ...

Years of Schooling, Human Capital and the Body Mass Index of European Females

We use the compulsory school reforms implemented in European countries after the II World War to investigate the causal effect of education on the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the incidence of overweight and obesity among European females. Our IV estimates suggest that years of schooling have a protective effect on BMI. The size of the estimated effect is not negligible but smaller than the one found ...