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Are Wages in Southern Europe more Flexible? The Effects of a Cohort Size on European Earnings

Non Cognitive Skills and Personality Traits: Labour Market Relevance and their Development in Education and Training Systems

This paper reviews the empirical economic literature on the relative importance of non cognitive skills for school and labour market outcomes, with a focus on Europe. There is evidence that high cognitive test scores are likely to result not only from high cognitive skills but also from high motivation and adequate personality traits. This suggests that part of the contribution of cognitive skills ...

Books Are Forever: Early Life Conditions, Education and Lifetime Income

In this paper we estimate the effect of education on lifetime earnings in Europe, by distinguishing between individuals who lived in rural or urban areas during childhood and between individuals who had access to many or few books at age ten. We instrument years of education using reforms of compulsory education in nine different countries, and find that individuals in rural areas were most affected ...

Education, Employment, and Gender Inequality amongst Couples - A Comparative Analysis of Britain and Germany

Income polarization and economic growth

This study examines empirically the impact of income polarization on economic growth in an unbalanced panel of more than 70 countries during the 1960–2005 period. We calculate various polarization indices using existing micro-level datasets, as well as datasets reconstructed from grouped data on income distribution taken from the World Income Inequality Database. The results garnered for our preferred ...

Necessity and Opportunity Entrepreneurs: Characteristics and Earnings Differentials

In this paper we discuss necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship. We use panel data to analyze how these two types of entrepreneurs differ in general, and in their ability to discover and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. We find that the opportunities exploited by opportunity entrepreneurs are generally more profitable than are those exploited by necessity entrepreneurs. We also find that ...

Opportunity Recognition and Exploitation By Necessity and Opportunity Entrepreneurs: Empirical Evidence from Earnings Equations (mimeo)

Language Proficiency of Migrants: The Relation with Job Satisfaction and Matching

We empirically analyze the language proficiency of migrants in the Netherlands. Traditionally, the emphasis in studying language proficiency and economic outcomes has been on the relation between earnings and indicators for language proficiency, motivated by the human capital theory. Here we analyze whether there is a relation between proficiency of the destination language and job level. A lack of ...

Comparative Human Resource Management in the European Banking Sector: The Effect of Bargaining Power on Working Conditions

The Use of Contact Data in Understanding Cross-National Differences in Unit Nonresponse (chapter 18)

This chapter reviews the use of auxiliary data in studies of cross-national variations in the above factors and the impacts upon survey nonresponse. It discusses expected sources of cross-national differences in survey participation processes. Then, the chapter classifies potential sources of auxiliary data, focusing on contact data. It reviews existing cross-national studies of nonresponse and summarizes ...