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Social Norms and Preventive Behaviors in Japan and Germany During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: According to a recent paper by Gelfand et al., COVID-19 infection and case mortality rates are closely connected to the strength of social norms: “Tighter” cultures that abide by strict social norms are more successful in combating the pandemic than “looser” cultures that are more permissive. However, countries with similar levels of cultural tightness exhibit big differences in mortality ...

The personality traits of self-made and inherited millionaires

Very wealthy people influence political and societal processes by wielding their economic power through foundations, lobbying groups, media campaigns, as investors and employers. Because personality shapes goals, attitudes, and behaviour, it is important to understand the personality traits that characterize the rich. We used representative survey data to construct two large samples, one from the general ...

Workers' self-selection into public sector employment: A tale of absenteeism

This study investigated whether employees' career transitions from the private to the public sector are related to their previous absences, where absenteeism is a proxy for a preference for shirking (exerting low effort). The aim was to determine whether workers who shirk are more likely to select public sector jobs. We differentiated absenteeism by type, such as health problems or childcare obligations, ...

Poverty Risks after Relationship Dissolution and the Role of Children: A Contemporary Longitudinal Analysis of Seven OECD Countries

The divorce literature has consistently found that—especially women—are negatively affected by relationship dissolution in terms of material wellbeing. There is, however, considerable debate on whether these effects are persistent or temporary. We use fixed effects models and control for the socioeconomic status of individuals who separated between 2011 and 2018 in seven countries for which large scale ...

Resilient entrepreneurs? Revisting the relationship between the Big Five and self-employment

Based on a trait-oriented approach, Big Five personality traits have been repeatedly shown to affect entrepreneurial action. In the last two decades, a new literature stream on the Big Five has emerged in the field of psychology that has partly moved away from a traitbased perspective towards a person-centered approach, suggesting that multiple stable combinations of traits form individual personalities. ...

Who experiences subjective job insecurity due to digital transformation in Germany?

In vielen Ländern geht die Digitalisierung mit tiefgreifenden Veränderungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt einher, darunter eine Polarisierung von Beschäftigung und Löhnen sowie ein Rückgang des Beschäftigungswachstums. Über die individuellen Folgen der Digitalisierung ist wenig bekannt, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die unterschiedliche Betroffenheit sozialer Gruppen. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir die Relevanz ...

The Long-Run Effects of Immigration: Evidence Across a Barrier to Refugee Settlement

After the end of World War II in 1945, millions of refugees arrived in what in 1949 became the Federal Republic of Germany. We examine their effect on today's productivity, wages, income, rents, education, and population density at the municipality level. Our identification strategy is based on a spatial discontinuity in refugee settlement at the border between the French and US occupation zones ...

K3.4 Health of Central and Eastern European migrants

Health of Central and Eastern European migrants in Germany: healthy migrant effects and good health maintained?

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the health level and health dynamics of migrants from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), broadly defined, in Germany. Population health in CEE compares badly to Germany. Lifestyle changes and access to better health care in Germany can lead to health improvement of migrants. Design/methodology/approach: Longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic ...

Sports Activity Levels of Sexual Minority Groups in Germany

It is widely assumed that LGBT+ people may feel insecure and unwelcome in sports settings, which are often characterized by a binary gender order and a culture of heteronormativity. Previous research also suggests that LGBT+ individuals experience homophobia in the context of sport. Despite these findings, reliable quantitative data on the sports participation levels of sexual minority groups are scarce. ...