Psychological traits predict who uses self-help products but usage is not associated with two-year personality change

Abstract

Self-help products such as books and apps are booming, often promising personal growth and well-being gains. Despite their popularity, little research has examined the psychological predictors and consequences of self-help product use. Here, we tested predictors of self-help product use and their links with changes in personality traits, life satisfaction, and self-esteem over 2 years in a representative Swiss sample (N = 2,391; 5 waves). A majority reported ever using or purchasing self-help products. Usage was more likely among women, more educated and younger adults, those higher in openness, lower in emotional stability and self-esteem, and those desiring to change their personality (in bivariate associations). Among users, higher cognitive ability and education were associated with spending less time on self-help products. However, people did not differ in personality and well-being trajectories depending on self-help product use and usage intensity, raising questions about the effectiveness of such products for these outcomes.