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Social Isolation and Loneliness in the Context of Migration: A Cross-Sectional Study of Refugees, Migrants, and the Native Population in Germany

The study of loneliness and social isolation has provided a lot of evidence for differences in the prevalence of the two, depending on the context of individuals. Given different social, legal, and economic differences for migrants and refugees, it has been documented that these groups show elevated levels of both social isolation and loneliness compared to the respective host population. Differences ...

Early Childhood and the Formation of Cognitive Skills: Three Empirical Essays in Education Economics

Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht die Wirkung unterschiedlicher Charakteristika von Bildungssystemen auf kognitive Fähigkeiten von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Sie konzentriert sich auf Maßnahmen, die vor dem 10. Lebensjahr eines Kindes ansetzen. Während dieser Phase lässt sich Kognition von Kindern besonders gut beeinflussen. Die drei Artikel dieser Dissertation leisten einen jeweils eigenständigen ...

Globalization, Time-Preferences, and Populist Voting

Societies see growing support for populist politicians who advocate an end to globalization. Our behavioral economics model links impatience to voters’ appraisals of an income shock due to globalization that is associated with short-run costs and delayed gains. The model shows that impatient individuals may reject further globalization if they are subject to borrowing constraints. Using German data, ...

Reforms, incentives and flexibilization: Five Essays on Retirement

Nach einem deutlichen Rückgang in den 1980er-Jahren sind die Erwerbsquoten älterer Arbeitnehmer in Deutschland in den 1990er-Jahren und bis zuletzt wieder merklich angestiegen. Die Dissertation untersucht in zwei Kapiteln wie viel dieser Umkehr auf Rentenreformen und sich verändernde Verrentungsanreize von 1980-2015 zurückzuführen ist. In den Kapiteln 4 und 5 untersucht der Autor Reformen des flexiblen ...

Issues in measuring education in cross-national and migration surveys

Education is a central concept in social science research, and thus a key socio-demographic characteristic that is measured in almost every survey. Due to the importance and wide usage of education in empirical studies, this dissertation takes a closer look at this concept and the related education variables. In this thesis the quality of education variables from the perspective of survey organisers ...

Sexual Orientation, Motherhood and Pay: The case of the gender pay gap for homo-/bisexual women

The aim of this thesis is to widen the understanding of the gender pay gap by introducing the factor of sexuality. Same-sex couples have legal rights that are relatively new; how does our understanding of labor division and pay change when more data on queer people emerge? This is achieved by using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) from the year 2017 and making multiple regressions, ...

Environmental Incentives and Parental Investments

This paper analyses how a family's economic environment influences parental investments in children's development. Worsening economic conditions can incentivize parental investments by raising the importance of human capital accumulation in ensuring later-life success. Using a large representative German survey, in a regional and time- fixed effects setting, I estimate the causal impact of ...

The Dynamics of Return Migration, Human Capital Accumulation, and Wage Assimilation

This article develops and estimates a dynamic model where individuals differ in ability and location preference to evaluate the mechanisms that affect the evolution of immigrants’ careers in conjunction with their re-migration plans. Our analysis highlights a novel form of selective return migration where those who plan to stay longer invest more into skill acquisition, with important implications ...

Language, or Dialect, That Is the Question. How Attitudes Affect Language Statistics Using the Example of Low German

This paper explores how attitudes affect the seemingly objective process of counting speakers of varieties using the example of Low German, Germany’s sole regional language. The initial focus is on the basic taxonomy of classifying a variety as a language or a dialect. Three representative surveys then provide data for the analysis: the Germany Survey 2008, the Northern Germany Survey 2016, and the ...

Spracheinstellungen in Deutschland - Was die Menschen in Deutschland über Sprache denken