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Intergenerational Transmission of Education and Mediating Channels: Evidence from a Compulsory Schooling Reform in Germany

In this paper, I estimate the causal effect that an additional year of schooling for parents has on their children's education, by exploiting a compulsory schooling reform that was implemented in all West German states between 1946 and 1969. Although previous research indicates that the reform had no effect on earnings, I find that an additional year of schooling for women strongly affects the ...

Central School Exit Exams and Labor-Market Outcomes

Many countries use centralized exit exams as a governance devise of the school system. While abundant evidence suggests positive effects of central exams on achievement tests, previous research on university-bound students shows no effects on subsequent earnings. We suggest that labor-market effects may be more imminent for students leaving school directly for the labor market and, on rigid labor markets, ...

Zentrale Abschlussprüfungen, Signalwirkung von Abiturnoten und Arbeitsmarkterfolg in Deutschland

Zahlreiche Studien belegen einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen zentralen Abschlussprüfungen und Schülerleistungen, aber über längerfristige Effekte zentraler Abschlussprüfungen auf den späteren Arbeitsmarkterfolg ist wenig bekannt. Diese Studie nutzt die Variation in Abschlussprüfungen nach Bundesland und Sekundarschulabschluss, um langfristige Effekte von zentralen Abschlussprüfungen auf das Arbeitseinkommen ...

Zukunftsangst! Fear of (and hope for) the future and its impact on life satisfaction

The thoughts that an individual has about the future contribute substantially to their life satisfaction in a positive or negative direction. This is a result found via five different methods, some of which control for personality and disposition and the potential endogeneity of thoughts and life satisfaction. The reduction in life satisfaction experienced by individuals who report being pessimistic ...

Optimism, Pessimism and Life Satisfaction: An Empirical Investigation

This empirical investigation into life satisfaction, using nationally representative German panel data, finds a substantial association with an individual’s thoughts about the future, whether they are optimistic or pessimistic about it. Furthermore, including individuals’ optimism and pessimism about the future substantially increases the explanatory power of standard life satisfaction models. The ...

She's Leaving Home: A Large Sample Investigation of the Empty Nest Syndrome

This study considers life satisfaction in relation to the empty nest syndrome, which is a situation where there are feelings of loss or loneliness for mothers and/or fathers following the departure of the last child from the parental home. In particular, the investigation considers the significance of Identity Economics when applied to parents experiencing a reduction in well-being following an extended ...

Sleep Duration and Life Satisfaction

Sleep is an important part of life. Despite this importance, little is known about life satisfaction and sleep duration. Using German panel data, it is shown that sleep is an important factor for life satisfaction and, furthermore, that maximal life satisfaction is associated with about 8 h of sleep on a typical weekday. This figure represents, on average, one hour more than people currently sleep ...

GEE estimation of the covariance structure of a bivariate panel data model with an application to wage dynamics and the incidence of profit-sharing in West Germany

We propose a generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach to the estimation of the mean and covariance structure of bivariate time series processes of panel data. The one-step approach allows for mixed continuous and discrete dependent variables. A Monte Carlo Study is presented to compare our particular GEE estimator with more standard GEE-estimators. In the empirical illustration, we apply our ...

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Overtime Reductions - Negligible Employment Effects

One of the central bones of contention in the current 'Alliance for Jobs' negotiations is the reduction of overtime and its potential employment effects. While the unions see overtime reductions as a possible means to increase employment, employers are sceptical about the idea, because they fear constraints on their flexibility in the use of labour. Around 1.8 billion paid overtime hours ...