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35 Nichtparametrische Schätzung kausaler Effekte mittels Matchingverfahren

Matchingverfahren umfassen eine Klasse nichtparametrischer Verfahren zur statistischen Abschätzung kausaler Effekte mittels Beobachtungsdaten. In diesen Verfahren erfolgt die Drittvariablenkontrolle durch Konstruktion statistischer Vergleichsgruppen, die in Bezug auf relevante Hintergrundfaktoren weitgehend identisch sind. In der praktischen Anwendung dominiert das Propensity score matching, das eine ...

Partial Identification and Sensitivity Analysis

This chapter is concerned with methods of causal inference in the presence of unobserved confounders. Three classes of estimators are discussed, namely, local identification using instrumental variables, sensitivity analysis, and 6 estimation of nonparametric bounds. In each case, the response to the core identification problem is to retreat from the standard focus on point identification of the average ...

Matching estimators for treatment effects

Kausalanalyse durch Matchingverfahren

Auf Grund ihrer Nähe zum Konzept kontrafaktischer Kausalität haben nichtparametrische Matchingverfahren in der neueren statistischen und ökonometrischen Literatur zur Kausalanalyse an Bedeutung gewonnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund führt der Beitrag das Rubin Causal Model (RCM) in die soziologische Methodendiskussion ein und diskutiert seine empirische Umsetzung im Rahmen des Propensity Score Matchings. ...

Motherhood, labor force behavior, and women's careers: an empirical assessment of the wage penalty for motherhood in Britain, Germany, and the United States

Using harmonized longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we trace career prospects after motherhood for five cohorts of American, British, and West German women around the 1960s. We establish wage penalties for motherhood between 9% and 18% per child, with wage losses among American ...

Development of Family Income since the 1990s: A Fresh Look at German Microdata Using Income-Dependent Equivalence Scales

Income inequality and poverty risks receive a lot of attention in public debates and current research. However, the situation of families that differ in size and composition is rarely considered more closely in this context. Relevant research typically relies on equivalence scales to make income comparable across different types of households. The standard approach for doing so is based on the so-called ...

Wie hat sich die Einkommenssituation von Familien entwickelt? - Ein neues Messkonzept

Familien mit geringem Einkommen sind in den letzten 25 Jahren weiter abgehängt worden. Das ist das Ergebnis der vorliegenden Studie. Sie untersucht, wie sich das Haushaltseinkommen verschiedener Familientypen seit den 90er Jahren entwickelt hat und verwendet dabei ein neues Messkonzept, um Einkommen verschiedener Haushaltstypen vergleichbar zu machen. Erstmals für Deutschland ermitteln die Bochumer ...

Intra-Household Time Allocation: Gender Differences in Caring for Children

This paper analyses the intra-household allocation of time to show gender differences in childcare. In the framework of a general efficiency approach, hours spent on childcare by each parent are regressed against individual and household characteristics, for five samples (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and Spain), with data being drawn from the European Community Household Panel-ECHP (1994-2001). ...

With Strings Attached: Grandparent-Provided Child Care and Female Labor Market Outcomes

Grandparents are regular providers of free child care. Similar to other forms of child care, availability of grandparent-provided child care affects fertility and labor force participation of women positively. However, grandparent-provided child care requires residing close to parents or in-laws which may imply costly spatial restrictions. We find that mothers residing close to parents or in-laws ...

Welfare State Expenditures and the Distribution of Child Opportunities