External refereed essays

Acceptability of Transport Pricing Measures amongst Public and Professionals in Europe

Transport pricing has been an actively debated topic in the European Union for a number of years. This debate has been stimulated both by the European Commission policy and by a multitude of national policy initiatives. A central theme in this debate is the issue of the public and (linked to this) political acceptability of pricing measures. Indeed, concerns about acceptability now constitute the most ...

Occupational Choice across Generations

There are few studies on occupational choices in Germany, and second-generation occupational choice and mobility has been investigated even less. Such research is important because occupations determine success in the labor market. In a country like Germany, occupations also reflect a general socio-economic standing. This paper looks at the patterns of employment in Germany, analyzes how individual ...

Energy Demand until 2010 in Ukraine

The economic development and environmental soundness of Ukraine is hampered and even threatened today by an outdated energy system, which delivers energy to the customers at high (internal and external) costs. Painful changes are necessary to adapt this system to the requirements of a market economy and international competition. Realistic projections of future energy consumption may help to clarify ...

In memoriam: Professor Wassilij Leontief

Der niederländische Weg: Durch Konsens zum Erfolg

Terrorism and International Trade: An Empirical Investigation

This paper examines the effect of terrorism and warfare on international trade. We investigate bilateral trade flows between more than 200 countries over the period from 1960 to 1993. Applying an augmented gravity model that includes several measures of terrorism and large-scale violence, we find compelling evidence that terrorist actions reduce the volume of trade; a doubling in the number of terrorist ...

The Economic Consequences of Terror: Guest Editor's Introduction

This introduction notes the importance of the economic evaluation of the consequences of terror and summarizes the contributions in this special issue.

Games of Climate Change with International Trade

We analyse games of greenhouse gas emission reduction in which the emissions and the emission reduction costs of one country depend on other countries' emission abatement. In an analytically tractable model, we show that international trade effects on costs and emissions can either increase or decrease incentives to reduce emissions and to cooperate on emission abatement; in some specifications, optimal ...

Beeinflusst das Lohngefälle zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland das Migrationsverhalten der Ostdeutschen? Eine mikroökonomische Untersuchung mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels 1991 bis 1994

Arbeitslosigkeit, Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit und das regionale Lohnniveau

Regionale Löhne und staatliche Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen: Eine erweiterte Lohnkurve für Ostdeutschland

Schätzungen von Lohnkurven für Westdeutschland mit einem verallgemeinerten Varianz-Komponenten-Modell

How Income Inequality Changed in Germany Following Reunification: An Empirical Analysis Using Decomposable Inequality Measures

This paper analyzes how inequality in Before and After Government income has changed in Germany since reunification using the 1990 through 1992 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel. A Theil decomposable inequality index is used to measure inequality in Germany and in its eastern and western states. Massive public transfers from west to east have narrowed the east-west income gap, substantially ...

Development of East German Firms and Results of Public Promotion of Innovation

Global Competitiveness: Industrial Policy in the Performance of Asia and Europe

Labor Market Slack and the Wage Curve

The unemployment rate might not serve as an accurate measure of labor market slack when analysing countries with large scale labor market programs. We replicate and extend the wage curve for East Germany. The results are in favor of the incorporation of such policy measures.

Financing On-The-Job Training: Shared Investment or Promotion Based System? Evidence from Germany

Orthodox Money-Based Stabilization (OMBS) versus Heterodox Exchange Rate-Based Stabilization (HERBS): The Case of Russia, the Ukraine and Kazakhstan

Complexity and Progressivity in Income Tax Design: Deductions for Work-Related Expenses

We analyze optimal income taxes with deductions for work-related or consumptive goods. We consider two cases. In the first case (called a complex tax system) the tax authorities can exactly distinguish between consumptive and work-related expenditures. In the second case (called a simple tax system) this distinction is not exact. Assuming additively separable utility functions, we show that work-related ...

Vertical Foreclosure versus Downstream Competition with Capital Precommitment

The recent literature on vertical foreclosure suggests that vertical integration can have the anticompetitive effect of enabling an upstream firm to commit to restricting output to downstream firms at the monopoly level. We allow the upstream firm to make an ex-ante capital precommitment. We show that, if integration is outlawed, the upstream firm will distort capital downward as an alternative device ...