SOEP Research: Social Inequalities and Distribution

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  • Refereed essays Web of Science

    Beyond Overall Income Inequality: Racial Income Gaps and Health Disparities

    In this paper, we combine Census data with death records to examine the relationship between income inequality and race-specific mortality across 5,565 municipalities in Brazil. We find that overall income inequality is strongly associated with Non-White mortality but not with White mortality. To understand this disparity, we decompose the Gini coefficient and find that the racial income gap accounts ...

    In: World Development 202 (2026), 107340, 15 S. | Gedeão Locks, Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez
  • Refereed essays Web of Science

    Parent-child Mismatches in Educational Aspirations: Prevalence, Stability, and Convergence over time

    Life-course scholarship has documented the important role of educational aspirations in status attainment processes but has also revealed that parent-child mismatches in educational aspirations may negatively affect child development. However, it is unclear how parent-child mismatches in educational aspirations evolve over time. Here, we examine (1) the prevalence of mismatching aspirations across ...

    In: Advances in Life Course Research 67 (2026), 100725, 11 S. | Jascha Dräger, Kaspar Burger
  • Cluster-Seminar Öffentliche Finanzen und Lebenslagen

    Occupations, Disability Insurance, and Career Choices

    Work-limiting disabilities pose a significant risk to the earnings potential and welfare of older workers. While coverage of public disability insurance (DI) systems is almost universal, the risk of becoming dependent on DI varies across occupations. In this paper, I study the value of public DI across different occupations using data from administrative social security records in Germany. I...

    11.02.2026| Annica Gehlen
  • Weitere referierte Aufsätze

    Dealing with Censored Earnings in Register Data

    Earnings are often top-coded (right-censored) in administrative registers. The censoring threshold in the case of Germany is the limit value for social security contributions, leading to a substantial fraction of censoring: For example, about 12%of male workers inWest Germany are affected, rising to above 30% for highly educated prime-aged workers. This missing right tail of the earnings distribution ...

    In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 246 (2026), 1, S. 5–34 | Mattis Beckmannshagen, Johannes König, Isabella Retter, Christian Schluter, Carsten Schröder, Yogam Tchokni
  • Refereed essays Web of Science

    Cross-national Differences in Socioeconomic Achievement Inequality in Early Primary School: The Role of Parental Education and Income in Six Countries

    This paper presents comparative information on the strength of the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and literacy skills at ages 6–8, drawing on data from France, Germany, Japan, Rotterdam (Netherlands), the United Kingdom, and the United States. We investigate whether the strength of the association between SES and literacy skills in early-to-mid childhood depends on the operationalization ...

    In: AERA Open (2026), im Ersch. [online first: 2024-12-02] | Jascha Dräger, Elizabeth Washbrook, Thorsten Schneider, Hideo Akabayashi, Renske Keizer, Anne Solaz, Jane Waldfogel, Sanneke de la Rie, Yuriko Kameyama, Sarah Kwon, Kayo Nozaki, Valentina Perinetti Casoni, Shinpei Sano, Alexandra Sheridan, Chizuru Shikishima
  • Refereed essays Web of Science

    The Distribution of National Income in Germany, 1992–2019

    This paper estimates and analyzes the distribution and composition of pre-tax national income in Germany since reunification, combining personal income tax returns, household survey data, and national accounts. We find that pre-tax national income inequality has increased since the 1990s, though to a lesser extent than suggested by previous studies. Our results draw parallels in top income structure ...

    In: European Economic Review 181 (2026),105149, 19 S. | Stefan Bach, Charlotte Bartels, Theresa Neef
  • SOEP Brown Bag Seminar

    The Effect of Public Sector Relocations on Regional Development in Germany

    Regional economic disparities within countries have become increasingly large, often surpassing the disparities observed between countries. To address regional inequality, governments have been turning away from standard subsidies and are experimenting with public employment reallocation as a place-based policy. This paper estimates the causal effect of public employment reallocation on local...

    21.01.2026| Dimitria Freitas, TU Dresden
  • Refereed essays Web of Science

    Support for Everyone or Selection of Some? Self-Selection and Assignment Into a Large-Scale Refugee Mentoring Program in Germany

    Mentoring has become a popular support strategy for recently arrived immigrants and refugees, offering access to valuable information and resources. However, little is known about selection processes into mentoring programs—who chooses to enrol, who receives support, and whether these patterns are systematic. Such selection affects not only program evaluations but also broader issues of refugee integration ...

    In: European Sociological Review (2026), im Ersch. [online first: 2025-08-25] | Nicolas M. Legewie, Philipp Jaschke, Magdalena Krieger, Martin Kroh, Lea-Maria Löbel
  • DIW Discussion Papers 2129 / 2025

    Cash Transfers, Mental Health and Agency: Evidence from an RCT in Germany

    Mental health and wellbeing are unequally distributed in high-income countries, disadvantaging low-income individuals. Unconditional, regular, and guaranteed cash transfers may help address this inequality by promoting financial security and agency. We conducted a preregistered RCT in Germany, where treated participants received monthly payments of EUR 1,200 for three years. Cash transfers improve ...

    2025| Sandra Bohmann, Susann Fiedler, Maximilian Kasy, Jürgen Schupp, Frederik Schwerter
  • Refereed essays Web of Science

    Wealth and Family Formation: Insights from First Cohabitation, Marriage, and Birth in Germany

    Existing research has demonstrated that wealthier individuals differ in family formation. Potential explanations draw on wealth’s use and symbolic value as well as the relative economic bar of family formation. This study examines the relationship between wealth and three family formation events in Germany: first cohabitation, marriage, and birth. Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (2002–2017) ...

    In: European Journal of Population 41 (2025), 1, Art. 16, 24 S. | Philipp M. Lersch
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