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DIW Discussion Papers 2126 / 2025
This paper revisits the exporter’s environmental premium (EEP) by incorporating emissions embodied in domestically and internationally sourced intermediate inputs. Combining administrative firm-level data and customs records for German manufacturers with an environmentally extended input-output table and fuel specific emission factors, we document three stylized facts: (i) embodied emissions account ...
2025| Till Köveker, Philipp M. Richter, Alexander Schiersch, Robin Sogalla
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DIW Discussion Papers 2125 / 2025
This paper examines the gendered impact of divorce on earnings and the role of the social policy context in shaping this relationship. In particular, it focuses on a policy reform enacted in Germany in 2008 that overturned previous ex-spousal support rules. Data come from the administrative records of the German Public Pension Fund. Drawing on a fixed- effects model, we study the behaviour of women ...
2025| Michaela Kreyenfeld, Sarah Schmauk, Katharina Wrohlich, Daniel Brüggmann
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DIW Discussion Papers 2124 / 2025
This paper provides a systematic analysis of peoples’ decision to purchase the Deutschlandticket, identifying primary customer groups and the role of public transport irregularities such as delays and cancellations. It builds on a panel dataset covering survey answers from almost 3000 participants between March and December 2023 and applies a series of binary logit models. The results confirm that ...
2025| Dennis Gaus, Heike Link
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DIW Discussion Papers 2123 / 2025
How does basic income (a regular, unconditional, guaranteed cash transfer) impact labor supply? We show that in search models of the labor market with income effects, this impact is theoretically ambiguous: Employment and job durations might increase or decrease, match surplus might be shifted to workers or employers, and worker surplus might be reallocated between wages and job amenities. We thus ...
2025| Sarah Bernhard, Sandra Bohmann, Susann Fiedler, Maximilian Kasy, Jürgen Schupp, Frederik Schwerter
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DIW Discussion Papers 2122 / 2025
The Deutschlandticket, introduced in May 2023, offers unlimited travel on all regional public transport in Germany for 49€ per month. This paper provides an overview of how the intro-duction of the ticket influenced travel behaviour and mode choice based on the GIM Traces panel, a nationwide representative dataset combining GPS tracking data and survey re-sponses. The data, consisting of almost 4 million ...
2025| Dennis Gaus, Heike Link
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DIW Discussion Papers 2121 / 2025
This study examines how policies affecting the cost of using fossil fuels in production influence comparative advantage in the industrial sector. Firstly, we use a fixed-effects gravity model to estimate the export capabilities that determine comparative advantage. Subsequently, using data on direct (carbon taxes, ETS permit prices) and indirect (fossil fuel excise taxes and subsidies) carbon pricing ...
2025| Antonia Kurz, Stela Rubínová
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DIW Discussion Papers 2120 / 2025
This paper provides causal evidence on the effect of credit crunches on political polarisation. Combining data on bank-firm connections and electoral outcomes at the city-level during the 2008-2014 Spanish financial crisis, I construct an instrument for unemployment based on the city-level exposure to (foreign) weak banks. I find that a 10% increase in (instrumented) local unemployment rates leads ...
2025| Pia Hüttl
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DIW Discussion Papers 2119 / 2025
The energy crisis following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine exposed the heightened vulnerability of low-income households to rising heating costs, particularly those in energy inefficient buildings. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), this study examines the distributional impact of heating costs across income deciles and evaluates the effectiveness of policy interventions. We find ...
2025| Sophie M. Behr, Merve Kucuk, Maximilian Longmuir, Karsten Neuhoff
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DIW Discussion Papers 2118 / 2025
We examine the impact of the war in Ukraine on long-term contracts in energy markets. We find that traded contract volumes fall by 65 percent in the first months of the war. A collapse in bilateral trading contributes most to this decline. To protect themselves from price shocks, firms increasingly turned to long-term contracts already before the war. In sum, our results show that the market continued ...
2025| Mats Kröger, Karsten Neuhoff, Sebastian Schwenen
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DIW Discussion Papers 2117 / 2025
This paper documents the rise of corporate tax-base narrowing measures in the EU using a novel dataset covering both tax rate and tax base reforms implemented between 2014 and 2022. Our findings indicate a shift away from the ’cut rate – broaden base’ approach, as governments increasingly align corporate taxation with industrial policy objectives. We show that EU tax competition exerts downward pressure ...
2025| Jules Ducept, Sarah Godar
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DIW Discussion Papers 2116 / 2025
The Covid-19 pandemic caused a global economic crisis, leading governments to provide substantial State Aid to support firms. This paper examines the effectiveness of Covid-related financial support in Spain and Italy, focusing on its impact on firm recovery. Using a difference-in-differences (DiD) approach combined with propensity score weighting, it compares outcomes of similar firms receiving aid ...
2025| Giulia Canzian, Elena Crivellaro, Tomaso Duso, Antonella Rita Ferrara, Alessandro Sasso, Stefano Verzillo
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DIW Discussion Papers 2115 / 2025
How do firms respond to greener household preferences? We construct a novel index of environmental willingness to act on the state-quarter level based on Google Trends search data. Relating the index to firm-level information on the U.S. auto- motive sector from 2006 to 2019, we find ambiguous results. On average, firms innovate more in electric, hydrogen, and hybrid (clean) technologies and reduce ...
2025| Olimpia Cutinelli-Rendina, Sonja Dobkowitz, Antoine Mayerowitz
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DIW Discussion Papers 2114 / 2025
European climate policy was traditionally pursued in the expectation of global policy convergence, ensuring equal opportunities for domestic and foreign firms in achieving climate neutrality. However, increasing geopolitical fragmentation has disrupted this expectation. Across the globe, national strategies increasingly favor economic policies that benefit domestic industries and coercive economic ...
2025| Till Köveker, Fernanda Ballesteros, Franziska Klaucke, Antonia Kurz, Karsten Neuhoff, Paula Niemöller, Sangeeth Selvaraju
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DIW Discussion Papers 2113 / 2025
Housing markets are affected by a large variety of factors. Among them, governmental regulations play an important role. Besides desired effects, all these policies exert a number of side effects, some of which can even offset the desired effects. In addition, different policies can cancel out each other. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the effects of individual policies and the composite ...
2025| Konstantin A. Kholodilin
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DIW Discussion Papers 2112 / 2025
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 was accompanied by a significant reduction of its gas supply to Europe, causing sharp energy price surges and prompting governments to respond with public appeals and programs aimed at reducing consumption. This paper investigates the effects of price increases and non-monetary factors, such as public appeals and saving programs, on residential energy savings during ...
2025| Sophie M. Behr, Till Köveker, Merve Kücük
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DIW Discussion Papers 2111 / 2025
The new US administration has a clear agenda of reducing imports to the US and attract FDI by reducing tariffs and using the proceeds for supporting investment in the US. This paper uses a dynamic two country US vs RoW model where monopolistically competitive firms make export and FDI decisions. We study how this additional FDI channel affects the impact of import tariffs on the US and RoW economy. ...
2025| Kaan Celebi, Werner Roeger
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DIW Discussion Papers 2110 / 2025
This paper analyzes possibly time-varying shock transmission in structural vector autoregressive (VAR) models when the reduced-form VAR coefficients are time-invariant and the shocks are identified through non-Gaussianity. To check for possible time-variation in the impulse responses, we propose Wald tests for two situations: (1) homoskedastic and (2) heteroskedastic structural shocks. For the latter ...
2025| Helmut Lütkepohl, Till Strohsal
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DIW Discussion Papers 2109 / 2025
In macroeconomic models featuring borrowing-constrained agents, the effects of monetary policy depend on the fiscal reaction to interest rate changes. This paper presents new evidence on the dynamic causal effects of U.S. monetary policy shocks on fiscal instruments and estimates a Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian model with fiscal feedback rules to match the empirical results. I find that U.S. fiscal ...
2025| Frederik Kurcz
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DIW Discussion Papers 2108 / 2025
In conventional proxy VAR analysis, the shocks of interest are identified by external instruments. This is typically accomplished by considering the covariance of the instruments and the reduced-form residuals. Alternatively, the instruments may be internalized by augmenting the VAR process by the instruments or proxies. These alternative identification methods are compared and it is shown that the ...
2025| Martin Bruns, Helmut Lütkepohl
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DIW Discussion Papers 2107 / 2025
The article documents the construction of a narrative instrument for government investment, used in the paper ‘An Estimation and Decomposition of the Government Investment Multiplier’.
2025| Marius Clemens, Claus Michelsen, Malte Rieth