This research project examines the revenue and distributional effects of a wealth tax on households in Germany. Various scenarios with progressive tax rates and high personal allowances are analyzed, including special provisions for business assets, real estate, and retirement savings. The simulation calculations are based on microdata from the PHF/HFCS and SOEP, supplemented by additional...
Legal and Procurement Staff Unit Team
We show that in school systems with grade retention or redshirting birth cohort size is negatively related to the grade-level share of students who are too old for their grade. This compositional effect gives rise to an upward bias in estimates of class size effects based on commonly used research designs exploiting within-school variation in birth cohort size. Using data for all primary schools in ...
This briefing report evaluates the ECB's monetary policy in a context of declining inflation and stagnant growth. Inflation risks have been averted and, after a period of relatively tight policy in 2024, benchmark comparisons indicate that the current interest rate is consistent with the ECB's mandate. The prevailing economic and inflation outlook supports further rate cuts. However, the high level ...
Introduction Primary healthcare (PHC) is key to addressing the health and social needs of refugees. Nurses are often part of multidisciplinary teams in PHC, but little is known about their roles and responsibilities in refugee healthcare. We aimed to synthesise the existing knowledge about models of care (MoC) for refugees in primary care settings which involve nursing professionals.Methods Systematic ...
A course by the Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel) In cooperation with DIW Berlin Researchers are often interested in calculating how variables respond over time to a given stimulus, such as a policy intervention. This is often referred to as an impulse response. The method of local projections offers a convenient approach to investigate such impulse response dynamics.
Noting that the shocks in vector autoregressive models can be correlated if a number of shocks is identified individually by multiple proxy variables, we propose a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach for estimation that enforces uncorrelated shocks. We point out that if each proxy identifies exactly one shock and is uncorrelated with all other shocks, uncorrelatedness of the shocks provides ...
Public procurement accounts for a large share of Gross Domestic Product in many countries. Given its impact, governments and other public authorities can leverage their purchasing decisions to pursue welfare goals; among these, environmental protection and climate change mitigation have particular priority. By using procurement practices that account for the environmental quality of bids – so-called ...
Introducing electricity purchase conditions in renewable fuel regulations and carbon accounting is a controversial issue in the US and Europe. We argue that their impact must be assessed considering demand flexibility, local grid conditions, and overlapping policy instruments such as emissions trading schemes and renewable portfolio standards. The introduction of more stringent requirements has a significant ...
