Common intuition holds that retail real-time pricing (RTP) of electricity demand should become more beneficial in markets with high variable renewable energy (VRE) supply mainly due to increased price volatility. Using German market data, we test this intuition by simulating long-run electricity market equilibria with carbon-tax-induced VRE investment and real-time price responsive and nonresponsive ...
Germany’s research and development concentrated in urban areas – public research undergoing dynamic development According to a new study conducted by the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), spatial proximity to industrial production plays a greater role for Germany’s private research and development (R&D) than does proximity to publicly funded research institutions ...
How large is Germany’s research and development (R&D) workforce, and which regions have the highest concentration of R&D activity? In 2013, the German R&D workforce amounted to 589,000 people. We find a strong concentration in the two regions (so-called Raumordnungsregionen) of Stuttgart and Munich, with 19 percent of the workforce based there. Germany’s most densely ...
The bulk of Germany’s research and development (R&D) activity is concentrated in densely populated areas, urban regions that account for 62 percent of the country’s R&D workforce. The regions surrounding Stuttgart, Munich, and Braunschweig have by far the highest R&D intensity—that is, the share of R&D personnel in the total number of employees. Between 2003 and 2013, Munich lost some of its lead over ...
