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The Measurement of Social Exclusion

This paper develops an axiomatic approach to the measurement of social exclusion. At the individual level, social exclusion is viewed in terms of deprivation of the person concerned with respect to different functionings in the society. At the aggregate level we treat social exclusion as a function of individual exclusions. The class of subgroup decomposable social exclusion measures using a set of ...

Endogenous Costs and Price-Cost Margins: An Application to the European Airline Industry

This paper allows for endogenous costs in the estimation of price cost margins. In particular, we estimate price-cost margins when firms bargain over wages. We extent the standard two-equation set-up (demand and first-order condition in the product market) to include a third equation, which is derived from bargaining over wages. In this way, price-cost margins are determined by wages and vice versa. ...

Fiscal Federalism in Russia: Theory, Comparisons, Evaluations

Russia's system of fiscal federalism is examined and evaluated. Current theories of fiscal federalism provide criteria for evaluating such systems. Developments in OECD countries are examined to provide comparative perspectives. Data from Russia's Goskomstat and the Ministry of Finance, which provide an overview of Russia's regional economic characteristics, are used to apply the selected evaluation ...

Agglomeration and Tax Competition

Tax competition may be different in "new economic geography settings" compared to standard tax competition models. If the mobile factor is completely agglomerated in one region, it earns an agglomeration rent which can be taxed. Closer integration first results in a "race to the top" in taxes before leading to a "race to the bottom". We reexamine these issues in a model that produces stable equilibria ...

How Much Market Do Market-Based Instruments Create? An Analysis for the Case of "White" Certificates

Among the diverse economic instruments to foster energy efficiency (EE) and climate protection, tradable certificates have been investigated for renewable energy, and the EU directive on an emissions-trading scheme for CO2 certificates has been approved in 2003. In contrast, tradable energy efficiency - or "white" - certificates have only lately been considered as a market-based tool to foster EE as ...

Risk Classification and Public Policy: Editorial

Taking "Don't Knows" as Valid Responses: A Multiple Complete Random Imputation of Missing Data

Incomplete data is a common problem of survey research. Recent work on multiple imputation techniques has increased analysts' awareness of the biasing effects of missing data and has also provided a convenient solution. Imputation methods replace non-response with estimates of the unobserved scores. In many instances, however, non-response to a stimulus does not result from measurement problems that ...

An Empirical Analysis of Voluntary Payments for Information Goods on the Internet

This paper presents results from a field study on voluntary contributions for an information public good provided via the Internet (an electronic newsletter for authors). Whereas the standard private provision model predicts that individuals contribute less if other individuals contribute more, we find that readers are more likely to pay the more they expect others to give. This result is consistent ...

Sectoral Heterogeneity in the Employment Effects of Job Creation Schemes in Germany

Job creation schemes (JCS) have been one important programme of active labour market policy (ALMP) in Germany for a long time. They aim at the re-integration of hard-to-place unemployed individuals into regular employment. A thorough microeconometric evaluation of these programmes was hindered by the fact, that available survey datasets have been too small to account for a possible occurrence of effect ...

Estimation of Multinomial Logit Models with Unobserved Heterogeneity Using Maximum Simulated Likelihood

In this paper, we suggest a Stata routine for multinomial logit models. - with unobserved heterogeneity using maximum simulated likelihood based on. - Halton sequences. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we describe the. - technical implementation of the estimation routine and discuss its properties. Further,. - we compare our estimation routine with the Stata program gllamm, which. - solves ...