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Using Blood Test Parameters to Define Biological Age among Older Adults: Association with Morbidity and Mortality Independent of Chronological Age Validated in Two Separate Birth Cohorts

Biomarkers defining biological age are typically laborious or expensive to assess. Instead, in the current study, we identified parameters based on standard laboratory blood tests across metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and kidney functioning that had been assessed in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE) (n = 384) and Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) (n = 1517). We calculated biological age using those ...

Income Growth in the United Kingdom during Late Career and after Retirement: Growing Inequalities after Deindustrialisation, Educational Expansion and Development of the Knowledge-based Economy

This article shows how late-life incomes from work and pensions evolved in the United Kingdom between 1991 and 2007, the year the Great Recession began. Our main contribution comes from focusing on changes across cohorts in different educational groups while also considering the gender divide. Our statistical analyses based on the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) suggest that deindustrialisation, ...

Attitudes Toward Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination in Germany: A Representative Analysis of Data from the Socio-economic Panel for the Year 2021

Adequate immunity to COVID-19 apparently cannot be attained in Germany by voluntary vaccination alone, and therefore the introduction of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination is still under consideration. We present findings on the potential acceptance of such a requirement by the German population, and we report on the reasons given for accepting or rejecting it and how these reasons vary according to population ...

European Economists for an EU-level Gas Price Cap and Gas Saving Targets

An Alternative Bootstrap for Proxy Vector Autoregressions

We propose a new bootstrap algorithm for inference for impulse responses in structural vector autoregressive models identified with an external proxy variable. Simulations show that the new bootstrap algorithm provides confidence intervals for impulse responses which often have more precise coverage than and similar length to the competing moving-block bootstrap intervals. An empirical example shows ...

Global Gas Market Implications of Methane Emission Reduction Policies

Methane is the second-largest contributor to global warming due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing anthropogenic methane emissions quickly can significantly reduce global warming within just a few decades. The oil and gas sector is responsible for almost 20% of anthropogenic methane emissions. Yet, there are hardly any policies in place that address oil and gas sector methane emissions. ...

The Effects of an Increase in the Retirement Age on Health Care Costs: Evidence from Administrative Data

In this paper, we use unique health record data that cover outpatient care and the associated costs to quantify the health care costs of a sizable increase in the retirement age in Germany. For the identification, we exploit a sizable cohort-specific pension reform which abolished an early retirement program for all women born after 1951. Our results show that health care costs significantly increase ...

Energy Transformation, Social Inclusion, and Economic Prosperity in Latin America: An Introduction

Mexico's Energy Prospects: Gains from Renewable Sources Over A Fossil Fuel-Dominated Environment

Changing political conditions in Mexico threatens the future of clean energy inthe country. A competitive electricity market and ambitious environmental goalswere among the priorities of the previous administration, but the current administrationaims to increase revenues from the national power company and acquirecontrol of the electricity market at the expense of consumer welfare and the environment.In ...

Income and Wealth Inequality in Hong Kong, 1981–2020: The Rise of Pluto-Communism?

The objective of this paper is to better understand the evolution and institutional roots of Hong Kong's growing economic inequality and political cleavages. By combining multiple sources of data (household surveys, fiscal data, wealth rankings, national accounts) and methodological innovations, two main findings are obtained. First, he evidence suggests a very large rise in income and wealth inequality ...