The transit contract between Russia and Ukraine ends 31 December 2019. The future of Ukraine’s gas transit is uncertain, because export volumes are expected to be redirected through Nord Stream 2 and Turk Stream. Yet, gas transit through Ukraine remains important for the country but also for Central and South Eastern Europe. What are ways forward with regard to gas market reforms and a...
Trade policy has been in the headline news throughout this year. At the same time, trade policy is capturing increasing attention in international climate policy debates, for example regarding the responsibilities of consumers for carbon embodied in imports, or concerns of producers how national policy regimes can be designed to guide a transition to climate neutrality in a highly competitive...
The Berlin IO Day is a one-day workshop sponsored by the Berlin Centre for Consumer Policies (BCCP) and supported by the Berlin's leading academic institutions, including DIW Berlin, ESMT Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Technische Universität Berlin, and WZB which takes place twice a year, in the Fall and in the Spring. The aim is to create an international forum for high quality...
European banking landscape between diversity, competition and concentration In ecology, bio-diverse systems are considered to be particularly resilient. Biodiversity increases the ability to absorb shocks as well as the likelihood of returning to stable conditions without external interventions. Shock absorption is also essential to the banking system (Haldane & May 2011). Thus, it is worth examining ...
We analyze whether start-up rates in different industries systematically change with business cycle variables. Using a unique data set at the industry level, we mostly find correlations that are consistent with counter-cyclical influences of the business cycle on entries in both innovative and non-innovative industries. Entries into the largescale industries, including the innovative part of manufacturing, ...
