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25 Years of European Merger Control

We study the determinants of common European merger policy over its first 25 years, from 1990 to 2014. Using a novel dataset at the level of the relevant antitrust markets and containing all relevant merger cases notified to the European Commission, we evaluate how consistently arguments related to structural market parameters – dominance, rising concentration, barriers to entry, and foreclosure – ...

Testing Identification via Heteroskedasticity in Structural Vector Autoregressive Models

Tests for identification through heteroskedasticity in structural vector autoregressive analysis are developed for models with two volatility states where the time point of volatility change is known. The tests are Wald-type tests for which only the unrestricted model, including the covariance matrices of the two volatility states, has to be estimated. The residuals of the model are assumed to be from ...

On the Difficulties to Calculate Infrastructure Charges for Heavy Goods Vehicles: A Review of 15 Years’ Experience in Germany

This paper analyses the calculation principles used for determining the level and differentiation ofHGV charges in Germany. It demonstrates that calculating average cost-based charges is far fromstraightforward, even with an agreed methodology, and involves sensitive methodological choices.Based on a review of available studies, the paper argues that estimating marginal costs does notnecessarily involve ...

Heterogeneous Mortality - Empirical Analyzes based on the SOEP

The aim of the project is the empirical investigation of the differential life expectancy of different socio-economic groups. In particular, it will be analyzed whether there are systematic differences in life expectancy according to occupation, industry or position in the occupation. The study will also work out the heterogeneous effects within the groups according to different individual...

Heterogene Mortalität - Empirische Analysen auf Basis des SOEP

Das Ziel des Projektes ist die empirische Untersuchung der differentiellen Lebenserwartung unterschiedlicher sozio-ökonomischer Gruppen. Insbesondere soll analysiert werden, ob systematische Unterschiede in der Lebenserwartung nach Berufen, Branchen oder nach der Stellung im Beruf existieren. Die Untersuchung soll auch die heterogenen Effekte innerhalb der Gruppen nach unterschiedlichen...

Social Policy or Crowding-out? Tenant Protection in Comparative Long-run Perspective

Private rental markets have become increasingly important since the Global Financial Crisis 2008–2009 and rent controls are back on the political agenda. Yet, they have received less attention from housing scholars than homeownership and public housing. This paper presents new data on the development of private tenancy legislation based on a content-coding of rent control, protection of tenants from ...

Raising the retirement age and gross returns on pension contributions

The aim of the project is to calculate the effects of a further (continuous) increase in the standard retirement age on the gross returns on pension insurance contributions of different cohorts. The project is divided into three modules. In the first module, the mechanisms are presented that take effect in the pay-as-you-go German pension system when the retirement age is raised for certain groups...

Renditewirkungen einer Anhebung der Altersgrenzen

Das Ziel des Projektes ist eine Berechnung der Wirkungen einer weiteren (kontinuierlichen) Anhebung der Regelaltersgrenze auf die Bruttorenditen der Rentenversicherungsbeiträge unterschiedlicher Kohorten. Das Projekt ist in drei Module aufgeteilt. Im ersten Modul sollen die Mechanismen dargestellt werden, die in dem umlagefinanzierten deutschen Rentensystem wirksam werden, wenn die...