Noting that the shocks in vector autoregressive models can be correlated if a number of shocks is identified individually by multiple proxy variables, we propose a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach for estimation that enforces uncorrelated shocks. We point out that if each proxy identifies exactly one shock and is uncorrelated with all other shocks, uncorrelatedness of the shocks provides ...
Public procurement accounts for a large share of Gross Domestic Product in many countries. Given its impact, governments and other public authorities can leverage their purchasing decisions to pursue welfare goals; among these, environmental protection and climate change mitigation have particular priority. By using procurement practices that account for the environmental quality of bids – so-called ...
Introducing electricity purchase conditions in renewable fuel regulations and carbon accounting is a controversial issue in the US and Europe. We argue that their impact must be assessed considering demand flexibility, local grid conditions, and overlapping policy instruments such as emissions trading schemes and renewable portfolio standards. The introduction of more stringent requirements has a significant ...
Steuern begleiten uns täglich – ob beim Einkaufen, Arbeiten oder Wohnen. Doch wie hat sich das deutsche Steuersystem in den letzten 100 Jahren verändert? Welche Reformen haben besonders geprägt, und welche Herausforderungen stehen uns noch bevor? Diese Fragen diskutieren wir in der neuesten Folge unseres DIW-Podcasts Wirtschaft bewegt – 100 Jahre DIW Berlin mit Steuerexperte Dr. Stefan Bach . Host ...
100 Jahre Steuersystem – ein Jahrhundert voller Reformen, Kontroversen und ungelöster Fragen. In dieser Folge von „Wirtschaft bewegt – 100 Jahre DIW Berlin“ spricht Steuerexperte Dr. Stefan Bach über die Entwicklung der deutschen Steuerpolitik: von den Erzbergerschen Reformen nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg bis zu den heutigen Herausforderungen. Warum gelten einige Steuern als überholt, bleiben aber...
The energy crisis following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine exposed the heightened vulnerability of low-income households to rising heating costs, particularly those in energy inefficient buildings. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), this study examines the distributional impact of heating costs across income deciles and evaluates the effectiveness of policy interventions. We find ...
