It is very rare that the causal link between actions and outcomes can be observed directly. Often, it is much easier to observe correlation. To derive causality from correlation, economists use elaborate techniques. However, little is known about individuals’ capabilities to infer from correlational data in their everyday lives. I test if individuals erroneously infer...
In 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) produced a special report on the impacts of average global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission pathways. It is set in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. This paper, which differs ...
Gemäß dem Urteil des Europäischen Gerichtshofs (EuGH) vom 19. Oktober 2016 ist das deutsche Arzneimittelpreisrecht nicht auf Versandapotheken mit Sitz in einem anderen Mitgliedstaat der Europäischen Union anwendbar. Infolgedessen können diese bei der Abgabe von verschreibungspflichtigen Arzneimitteln an Patientinnen und Patienten Boni und Rabatte gewähren. Vor...
Personality predicts how we interact with others, what partners we have, and how happy and lasting our romantic relationships are. At the same time, our experiences in these relationships may affect our personality. Who experiences specific major relationship events and how do these events relate to personality development? We examined this issue based on data from a nationally representative household ...
This study develops and applies a framework for analyzing variability in individuals’ occupational prestige trajectories and changes in average variability between birth cohorts. It extends previous literature focused on typical patterns of intragenerational mobility over the life course to more fully examine intracohort differentiation. Analyses are based on rich life course data for men and women ...
Gerechtigkeit beschäftigt die Menschheit seit sehr langer Zeit. Erste Abhandlungen dazu finden sich bereits in der Zeit der frühen Hochkulturen des 2. Jahrtausends vor der christlichen Zeitrechnung. Darin wird sie als eine menschliche Tugend beschrieben, die darin begründet ist, dass sich Menschen gegenseitig etwas schulden und den Mächtigen nicht alles erlaubt sei. So lässt etwa Platon Sokrates sagen: ...
There is ample empirical literature centering on the effectiveness of foreign exchange intervention (FXI). Given the mix of objectives and country-heterogeneity, the general lack of consensus thus far is no surprise. We shed light on this debate by conducting the first comprehensive meta-analysis in the FXI literature, with 279 reported effects that stem from 74 distinct empirical studies. We cover ...
