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The Effect of a Ban on Gender‐Based Pricing on Risk Selection in the German Health Insurance Market

Starting from December 2012, insurers in the European Union were prohibited from charging gender‐discriminatory prices. We examine the effect of this unisex mandate on risk segmentation in the German health insurance market. Although gender used to be a pricing factor in Germany's private health insurance (PHI) sector, it was never used as a pricing factor in the social health insurance (SHI) sector. ...

Emissions Trading in Regulated Electricity Markets

Is Healthy Neuroticism Associated with Chronic Conditions? A Coordinated Integrative Data Analysis

Current literature suggests that neuroticism is positively associated with maladaptive life choices, likelihood of disease, and mortality. However, recent research has identified circumstances under which neuroticism is associated with positive outcomes. The current project examined whether “healthy neuroticism”, defined as the interaction of neuroticism and conscientiousness, was associated with the ...

Unconventional Monetary Policy, Fiscal Side Effects, and Euro Area (Im)balances

We study the macroeconomic effects of unconventional monetary policy in the euro area using structural vector autoregressions, identified with external instruments. The instruments are based on the common unexpected variation in euro area sovereign yields for different maturities on policy announcement days. We first show that expansionary monetary surprises are effective at lowering public and private ...

Energy Outlooks Compared: Global and Regional Insights

We compare prominent global energy scenarios of organizations and companies. We supplement the analysis with four own scenarios, which were derived from structured analytic techniques in combination with a numerical global energy and resource market model (Multimod). Our paper provides three central contributions: (i) a compact survey of selected outlooks with meta characteristics (conceptual nature, ...

Lessons from Modeling 100% Renewable Scenarios Using GENeSYS-MOD

The main aim of models has never been to provide numbers, but insights. Still, challenges prevail for modelers to use the best configuration of their models to provide helpful insights. In the case of energy system modelling, this becomes even more complicated due to increasing complexity of the energy system transition through the potential and need for sector coupling. This paper therefore showcases ...

Early Childhood Education and Care Quality in the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) - the K2ID-SOEP Study

Since 2000, Germany is experiencing an expansion of early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions for children younger than three as well as increasing availability of full-day care for children aged three or older. More and more children attend ECEC centres for increasingly longer hours. Thus, ECEC centres are becoming an increasingly important environment for children and their parents. ...

Consumption-Oriented Policy Instruments for Fostering Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

Most policy instruments to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have focused on producers, and on the energy efficiency of buildings, vehicles and other products. Behavioural changes related to climate change also impact ‘in-use’ emissions, and potentially, emissions both ‘upstream’ (including from imported goods) and ‘downstream’ (eg disposal). Consumption-oriented policies may provide avenues to ...

The Structure, Drivers and Policy Implications of the European Carbon Footprint

Policy to reduce the European Union’s (EU) carbon footprint needs to be grounded in an understanding of the structure and drivers of both the domestic and internationally traded components. Here we analyse consumption-based emission accounts (for the main greenhouse gases (GHGs)) for the EU, focusing on understanding sectoral contributions and what changes have been observed over the last two decades, ...

The Impact of Implementing a Consumption Charge on Carbon-Intensive Materials in Europe

The production of basic materials accounts for around 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Existing measures to reduce emissions from industry are limited due to a combination of competitiveness concerns and a lack of technological options available to producers. In this paper, we assess the possibility of implementing a materials charge to reduce demand for basic industrial products and, hence, ...