Thema Arbeit und Beschäftigung

Who Is Minding the Kids? New Developments and Lost Opportunities in Reforming the British Early Education Workforce

The last 20 years have seen a substantial increase in enrolment in early childhood education and care (ECEC) in several European countries. The expansion of ECEC services inevitably requires new staff. There is however a tension between a rapid growth of services via the creation of low-paid, low-qualified jobs and the aspiration, voiced unanimously by policy makers, to improve the qualification and ...

Direct and Indirect Effects of Social Policies on Labor Supply Decisions: Empirical Evidence from Germany ; Dissertation

The present dissertation comprises three chapters on the direct and indirect effects of social policies on labor supply decisions of two exemplary groups of individuals with particularly low employment rates: mothers with young children and workers approaching the retirement age. The first chapter of my dissertation explores whether the abolishment of an early retirement program for women effectively ...

Youth in Europe: Unemployment Falling but Major Labor Market Problems Persist

In spring 2013, youth unemployment in the EU peaked and then declined sharply. Yet at least one in every six members of the economically active population between age 15 and 24 in the EU is still unemployed, and the unemployment rate among young persons is still 2.5 times higher than that of adults. The present study shows how young people’s situation in the labor market has developed since 2013. The ...

Aufkommens- und Verteilungswirkungen von Reformen der Abgeltungsteuer: Analyse mit dem Einkommensteuer-Simulations-Modell (EStM) auf Grundlage der Lohn- und Einkommensteuerstatistik 2007/2008

Less Alimony after Divorce – Spouses’ Behavioral Response to the 2008 Alimony Reform in Germany

The 2008 alimony reform in Germany considerably reduced post-marital and caregiver alimony. We analyze how individuals adapted to these changed rulings in terms of labor supply, the intra-household allocation of leisure, and marital stability. We use the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and conduct a difference-in-difference analysis to investigate couples’ behavioral responses to the reform. The ...

Early Childhood Education and Care Services and Child Development: Economic Perspectives for Universal Approaches

This essay analyses universal early childhood education and care (ECEC) services from an economic perspective focusing on universal ECEC approaches. First, it examines the effectiveness of ECEC expansions, reviewing research using quasi-experimental approaches. It then discusses the possible mechanisms underlying the measured effects. These are related to both direct effects from ECEC services on children ...

Employment and Human Capital Investment Intentions among Recent Refugees in Germany

Motivations to participate in the labour market as well as to invest in labour market skills are crucial for the successful integration of refugees. In this paper we use a unique dataset – the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Refugee Survey, which is a representative longitudinal study of all refugees reported on administrative records in Germany – and analyse which determinants and characteristics are correlated with ...

Media and Occupational Choice

We address the question of whether media influences occupational choices. To theoretically examine media effects, we construct a dynamic Bayesian occupational choice model with sequential decisions under ambiguity due to imperfect information. We show that sufficiently intensive positive media articles and reports about entrepreneurship increase the probability of self-employment and decrease the probability ...

Teilzeitrente: Ihre Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigung und öffentliche Haushalte

Angesichts der schrumpfenden Erwerbsbevölkerung ist es ein zentrales wirtschaftspolitisches Ziel, die Zahl der Beschäftigten und damit der Beitragszahlenden auf möglichst hohem Niveau zu halten. Dies könnte erreicht werden, wenn Menschen später aus ihrem Erwerbsleben ausscheiden. Eine Teilzeitrente, also die Möglichkeit, vor der Regelaltersgrenze Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Rentenbezug zu kombinieren, ...

Positive Effekte bei einer Teilzeitrente ab 63 Jahren: Interview mit Songül Tolan