Carl is a PhD candidate in the Firms and Markets Department, specializing in empirical industrial organization. His current research combines applied econometrics, natural language processing, and large language models to detect anti-competitive behavior in firms’ communication patterns, analyze enforcement and market data, and improve empirical cartel screening methodologies used by competition authorities. He holds an MSc and a BSc in Economics from the University of Mannheim and has professional experience as an Analyst at the Monopolies Commission, an independent expert committee that advises the German government on competition policy, competition law, and regulation.