© istock.com / petmal

Modelle und Tools

Modelle der Abteilung Energie, Verkehr, Umwelt

Hier werden einige der in der Abteilung Energie, Verkehr, Umwelt entwickelten quantitativen Modelle vorgestellt. Im Zusammenhang mit den quantitativen Modellierungsarbeiten werden in der Abteilung verschiedene Energiemarktdaten gesammelt und gepflegt.

DIETER

The Dispatch and Investment Evaluation Tool with Endogenous Renewables (DIETER) has initially been developed to study the role of electricity storage and other flexibility options in greenfield scenarios with high shares of variable renewable energy sources. The model minimizes overall system costs in a long-run equilibrium setting, determining least-cost capacity expansion and use of various generation and flexibility technologies. DIETER can capture multiple system benefits of electricity storage related to capacity, energy arbitrage and reserve provision.

DIETER is an open source model which may be freely used and modified by anyone. The code is licensed under the MIT License. Input data is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License. To view a copy of these licenses, visit http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Whenever you use this model, please refer to http://www.diw.de/dieter. We are happy to receive your feedback.

The model is implemented in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). Running the model thus requires a GAMS system, an LP solver, and respective licenses. We use the commercial solver CPLEX, but other LP solvers work, as well.

Below you find an overview of available DIETER versions and respective academic papers that include descriptions and documentations. The ZIP files include the GAMS code, an Excel file with all necessary input parameters, and partly also a short documentation of model equations and changes compared to earlier versions.

Future Versions of DIETER will also be made available on this homepage.

DIETER_v1.0.0.zip (ZIP, 8.09 MB)

Version 1.0.0 is used and documented in Zerrahn, A., Schill, W.-P. (2015): A greenfield model to evaluate long-run power storage requirements for high shares of renewables. DIW Discussion Paper 1457 (PDF, 0.73 MB).

A revised version of this Discussion Paper has been published in the form of two separate articles, see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.098 and http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.205

DIETER v1.0.2.zip (ZIP, 8.56 MB)

Version 1.0.2 introduces a few minor modifications. These include nomenclature adjustments, changes with respect to the modeling of primary reserves, and some corrections regarding reserve provision by storage technologies. The ZIP file includes an updated model description compared to the one included in DIW Discussion Paper 1457.

"This model version has been documented in an article published in the Journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. See http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.098. In a companion article, this model version has been applied to the analysis of long-run power storage requirements in a greenfield setting that is loosely calibrated to the German power system. See http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.205.

Dieter v1.1.0.zip (ZIP, 9.19 MB)

Version 1.1.0 introduces power system interactions of electric vehicles. In contrast to earlier versions, input data is not calibrated to the year 2050, but to 2035.

This model version has been used to study the provision of reserves by electric vehicles in Germany. See Schill, W.-P., Niemeyer, M., Zerrahn, A., Diekmann, J. (2016): Bereitstellung von Regelleistung durch Elektrofahrzeuge: Modellrechnungen für Deutschland im Jahr 2035. Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft 40(2), 73-67

DIETER Version 1.2.0 (ZIP, 10 MB)

Version 1.2.0 introduces a stylized representation of prosumage, i.e. households that make use of decentralized PV-battery systems to increase their self-consumption solar energy.

This model version has been used to study electricity sector effects of prosumage in Germany in future scenarios of the year 2035.

See Schill, W.-P., Zerrahn, A., Kunz, F. (2017): Prosumage of solar electricity: pros, cons, and the system perspective. Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy, 6(1). A slightly more detailed version of this article, including a description of the augmented model, is available as DIW Discussion Paper 1637 (PDF, 1.36 MB)

DIETER Version 1.3.0 (ZIP, 9.38 MB)

Version 1.3.0 introduces residential space heating with a focus on different types of electric heating (power-to-heat). This version also introduces a spatial resolution that allows for geographic coverage beyond Germany.

This model version has been used to study the system effects of making existing electric storage heaters in Germany more flexible in the year 2030. See Schill, W.-P. and Zerrahn, A. (2020): Flexible electricity use for heating in markets with renewable energy. Applied Energy 266, 114571.

A German publication with a policy focus is published as Schill, W.-P., Zerrahn, A., May, N., Neuhoff, K. (2018): Flexible Nutzung von Nachtspeicherheizungen kann ein kleiner Baustein für die Energiewende sein. DIW Wochenbericht 46/2018, 988-995 (PDF, 196.64 KB).

DIETER Version 1.3.1 (ZIP, 13.19 MB)

Version 1.3.1 introduces a CO2 cap and some minor reporting modifications.

This model version has been used to study the system effects of cheaper stationary batteries in European scenarios of 2030. This has been done in the context of a coordinated multi-model exercise of several European power sector models. Further input data is available on Zenodo.

Model and input data on Zenodo

This is a simplified DIETER version, which was derived from model version 1.3.0 and calibrated to Western Australia. It was used to explore the wider power sector impacts of solar PV battery prosumage in Western Australia.

The model results were published in Say, K., Schill, W.-P., John, M. (2020): Degrees of displacement: The impact of household PV battery prosumage on utility generation and storage. Applied Energy 276, 115466.

Model version

We also developed reduced DIETER versions which were used for more high-level analyses of the role of electricity storage for renerable integration. Reduced DIETER version have been used, amongst others, for the illustrations presented in Schill, W.-P. (2020): Electricity storage and the renewable energy transition. Joule 4, 1-6 and Zerrahn, A., Schill, W.-P., Kemfert, C. (2018): On the economics of electrical storage for variable renewable energy sources. European Economic Review 108, 259-279.

The stylized DIETER versions may also be useful for students or researchers looking for a simple toy model to gain some first experience in the field of energy modeling.

Kontakt DIETER

Wolf-Peter Schill
Wolf-Peter Schill

Forschungsbereichsleiter Abteilung Energie, Verkehr, Umwelt

HydrOGEnMod

HydrOGEnMod is a multi-commodity partial equilibrium model of (im)perfect competition in future global hydrogen markets. It includes all gases that are considered (potential) energy carriers such as natural gas, hydrogen from the gas-route or from electrolysis, ammonia, etc. It models representative market agents and their interactions along the entire value chain, including input procurement, production and conversion, as well as storage and transportation networks. The model has a long-term perspective with variable temporal and spatial resolution. 

The current version of HydrOGEnMod can be found here. The model is described here. The HydrOGEnMod code is licensed under the MIT License. To view a copy of the license, visit http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT. Whenever you use HydrOGEnMod, please refer to https://github.com/LukasBarner/HydrOGEnMod.jl  

The model is implemented in Julia as an optimization model. Running the model requires a recent version of the Julia programming language. In addition, a suitable solver may be required (please see the documentation). 

 

GLOBAL GAS MODEL

Das Global Gas Model (GGM) wurde gemeinsam mit Prof. Ruud Egging, PhD von der NTNU entwickelt und wird mit ihm gemeinsam genutzt.

GGM ist ein Gleichgewichtsmodell des weltweiten Marktes für Erdgas (inkl. fossiles Erdgas, Schiefergas, LNG). Alle Länder mit nennenswerter Erdgasförderung, -verbrauch, sowie -transport sind Teil des Datensatzes. Je nach Datensatz werden bis zu 100 Knoten unterschieden.

Im Modell werden die verschiedenen Akteurstypen ("Spieler") im Erdgassektor unterschieden: Produzenten, Transporteure (Pipeline und LNG) sowie Speicher. Im Modellaufbau als Gleichgewichtsmodell werden deren jeweilige Gewinnoptimierungsprobleme und spezifische Kosten abgebildet und miteinander verbunden sowie gleichzeitig gelöst. Das Modell ist in GAMS programmiert.

Kontakt GLOBAL GAS MODEL

Franziska Holz
Franziska Holz

Stellvertretende Abteilungsleiterin Abteilung Energie, Verkehr, Umwelt

CCTS-MOD

CCTSMOD addresses the infrastructure perspective of carbon capture, transport, and storage (CCTS) by including all steps of the CCS chain, namely the emitting activities, CO2 capture and transportation by pipeline as well as CO2 storage.

CCTSMOD calculates the optimal development of a pipeline-based CCS infrastructure. The formulation as a scalable mixed integer, multi-period welfare-optimizing network model allows for the endogenous decision on CO2 capture, pipeline and storage operations and investments. CCTSMOD is run as a single, multi-period cost minimization problem. Economies of scale in pipeline transport are represented by assuming the installation of discrete pipeline diameters where larger diameters have a cost advantage compared to smaller ones. The model operates on a geo-referenced set of CO2 emitters (industry, power plants) and CO2 storage sites.

The GAMS version of the model was, i.a., used in the H2020 project “SET-Nav”.

Holz, T. Scherwath, P. Crespo del Granado, C. Skar, L. Olmos, Q. Ploussard, A. Ramos, A. Herbst (2021): A 2050 Perspective on the Role for Carbon Capture and Storage in the European Power System and Industry Sector. Energy Economics, Vol. 104, 105631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105631

COALMOD

COALMOD-World is a model of the international steam coal market that can be readily used to explore implications of climate policies, but also to analyze market structure or to investigate issue of supply security. It features a detailed representation of both domestic and international steam coal supply, based on endogenously calculated Cost, Insurance, Fright (CIF) costs, and prices that take into account additional rents. It features endogenous investment into production, land transport, and export capacity, as well as an endogenous mechanism assessing production cost increase due to resource depletion.

Below you find an overview of available open-source COALMOD-World versions. The ZIP file includes the GAMS code and data files with all necessary input parameters. The COALMOD-World code is licensed under the MIT License. To view a copy of the license, visit http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.

The model is implemented in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). Running the model thus requires a GAMS system, a MCP solver, and respective licenses. We use the commercial solver PATH.

COALMOD-World_v1.0.zip | ZIP, 1.7 MB (ZIP, 1.75 MB)

The model is used and documented in  Holz, F. Haftendorn, C. Mendelevitch, R. Hirschhausen C. v. (2016): A Model of the International Steam Coal Market (COALMOD-World). DIW Data Documentation 85 (PDF, 3.69 MB)

Earlier versions of the model were applied to test for market power abuse in the international steam coal market in
Haftendorn, C. Holz, F. (2010): Modeling and Analysis of the International Steam Coal Trade. The Energy Journal Vol. 31 No. 3 and later in
Haftendorn, C. (2012): Evidence of Market Power in the Atlantic Steam Coal Market Using Oligopoly Models with a Competitive Fringe. DIW Discussion Paper 1185 (PDF, 0.64 MB)

Moreover, they were used to study the mid- and long-term effect of climate policies on the international steam coal market in
Haftendorn, C. Kemfert, C. Holz, F. (2012): What about Coal? Interactions between Climate Policies and the Global Steam Coal Market until 2030. Energy Policy Vol. 48

A two stage version of the model is introduced in Richter, P. Mendelevitch, R. Jotzo F. (2015): Market Power Rents and Climate Change Mitigation: A Rationale for Coal Taxes?” DIW Discussion Paper 1471 (PDF, 6.7 MB)

The current version of the model is used to analyze the effects of different, currently discussed supply-side climate policies for the steam coal market in
Mendelevitch, R. (2016): Testing Supply-Side Climate Policies for the Global Steam Coal Market – Can They Curb Coal Consumption?” DIW Discussion Paper 1604 (PDF, 1.11 MB)

COALMOD-World Version 2.0

This version of the model features a new retirement mechanism for coal production capacities which yields an improved representation of available mining capacity and necessary investments. The new retirement mechanism is based on coal mine ages and lifetimes, not prior production.

The GAMS code is available for download: https://github.com/chauenstein/COALMOD-World_v2.0

The model was used in analyses of stranded assets in the coal sector carried out in the framework of the FORESEE project:

Christian Hauenstein, Franziska Holz, Lennart Rathje & Thomas Mitterecker (2023): New coal mines in the Australian Galilee Basin are not economically viable and are prone to become stranded assets. One Earth, 6 (8): 990-1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2023.07.005

With data available here: https://zenodo.org/records/7534651

Christian Hauenstein (2023): Stranded assets and early closures in global coal mining under 1.5°C. Environmental Research Letters, 18 (2): 024021.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acb0e5    

With data available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7086153

Kontakt COALMOD

Franziska Holz
Franziska Holz

Stellvertretende Abteilungsleiterin Abteilung Energie, Verkehr, Umwelt

VREDA

The Variable Renewable Energy Drought Analyzer tool (VREDA) is designed to identify variable renewable energy droughts, also referred to as "Dunkelflaute". The tool is data agnostic and can generally be applied to multiple regions and technologies or technology portfolios. It analyzes renewable availability time series, often also called capacity factors, with a user specific temporal granularity. It offers various definitions and identification methods for renewable droughts.
A current version of the tool can be found in a publicly available in a gitlab repository. The VREDA code is licensed under the MIT License. To view a copy of the license, visit http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT. Please refer to the gitlab repository whenever you use VREDA. It is implemented in the open-source programming language Python. The methodical foundation of the tool is discussed in Kittel & Schill (2024): Measuring the Dunkelflaute: how (not) to analyze variable renewable energy shortage.
keyboard_arrow_up