We explore the decline in teen employment in the United States since 2000, which was sharpest for 16–17 year-olds. We consider three main explanatory factors: a rising minimum wage that could reduce employment opportunities for teens and potentially increase the value of investing in schooling; rising returns to schooling; and increasing competition from immigrants that, like the minimum wage, could ...
This paper analyzes the effect of a recently introduced policy reform on participation in integration courses and on certified language proficiency levels among refugees in Germany. The residence rule restricts initial residence for refugees with a permanent residence permit. Given that treatment intensity varies distinctly across states, I utilize this quasi-experiment and apply a difference-in-differences ...
Die öffentlich finanzierte Kindertagesbetreuung ist zu einem elementaren Bestandteil des kindlichen Aufwachsens in Deutschland geworden – sowohl aus einer Perspektive der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf als auch der frühen Förderung von Kindern. Sie bewegt sich damit im Spannungsfeld zwischen Familien- und Bildungspolitik. Mit diesem Spannungsfeld befasst sich dieser Beitrag und plädiert letztlich ...
While several studies suggest that stress-related mental health problems among school children are related to specific elements of schooling, empirical evidence on this causal relationship is scarce. We examine a German schooling reform that increased weekly instruction time and study its effects on stress-related outpatient diagnoses from the universe of health claims data of the German Social Health ...
Evidence suggests that early education can promote children’s development and narrow attainment gaps between those from lower-income and higher-income families. However, realisation of these potential benefits depends on many factors, feasibly including peer composition. We use national census data for a year-group cohort of children in England in 2011, to answer two questions: how are low-income children ...
