The bridge project ‘District Heating in the Heat Transition: Investment, Regulation and Energy Prices (FIRE)’, run by the Climate Policy and Energy, Transport and Environment departments, examines the compatibility of district heating's pricing structure with its key role in the heat transition. The aim of the research project is to gain a better understanding of the effect of decarbonization and...
When a child is the victim of a non-domestic violent assault, how do their parents respond? Using linked population-wide administrative data from New Zealand and a stacked difference-in-differences design, we show that youth assault is a two-generation shock. Over the two years following an assault, parental earnings fall by 2.2 percent and stress-related medication dispensing rises by 11 percent....
Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity is critical for providing Europe with a steady supply of decarbonized energy at competitive prices. To ensure the supply of solar PV modules, the European Union (EU) aims to meet 40 percent of its demand with domestic products by 2030. To achieve this goal, EU Member States no longer need to base their support for PV projects solely on price under the NZIA, but can ...
BACKGROUND Parenting leave policies shape how caregiving and paid work can be reconciled around the time of childbirth. They have important implications for fertility, employment, and gender equality. Still, there are limited quantitative cross-country data capturing longterm policy changes that impact how long parents can temporarily be away from work to care for their children, and how leave can ...
This study examines the payout policies of modern state-owned enterprises (SOEs) using unique official statistics on German SOEs from 2003 to 2014. The findings reveal that agency conflicts significantly influence SOEs’ payout behavior, leading to payout smoothing over time. Vertical agency costs, arising from owner-manager conflicts, and horizontal agency costs, stemming from owner-owner conflicts, ...
The economy was noticeably impacted by containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, homeowners and tenants had difficulty meeting their short-term obligations, such as paying mortgages and rent. In response to this dire situation, governments around the world implemented various restrictive and stimulating measures. These measures aimed to support tenants and homeowners during this ...
