Die Ausgaben für Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) sind in Deutschland im Corona-Jahr 2020 im Vergleich zu 2019 um insgesamt 5,3 Prozent gesunken. Während die OECD-Länder erstmals in einem Krisenjahr ihre FuE-Aufwendungen im Durchschnitt sogar leicht erhöhten, ging es am Forschungsstandort Deutschland stärker bergab als in der Finanzkrise im Jahr 2009 – insbesondere in der Industrie und hierbei im Kraftfahrzeugbau. ...
Welfare is traditionally understood as social security decommodifying labour markets or as social investment policies. In the domain of housing, however, welfare for homeowners is largely hidden in the tax codes’ fiscal exemptions. Based on a content analysis of legislation, this article introduces a novel yearly database of 37 countries between 1901 and 2020 to uncover the “hidden welfare state” of ...
Biomarkers defining biological age are typically laborious or expensive to assess. Instead, in the current study, we identified parameters based on standard laboratory blood tests across metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and kidney functioning that had been assessed in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE) (n = 384) and Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) (n = 1517). We calculated biological age using those ...
This article shows how late-life incomes from work and pensions evolved in the United Kingdom between 1991 and 2007, the year the Great Recession began. Our main contribution comes from focusing on changes across cohorts in different educational groups while also considering the gender divide. Our statistical analyses based on the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) suggest that deindustrialisation, ...
Adequate immunity to COVID-19 apparently cannot be attained in Germany by voluntary vaccination alone, and therefore the introduction of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination is still under consideration. We present findings on the potential acceptance of such a requirement by the German population, and we report on the reasons given for accepting or rejecting it and how these reasons vary according to population ...
