This paper constructs homogeneous time series of global household offshore wealth covering the 2001–2023 period, during which major international efforts were implemented to curb offshore tax evasion. We find that: (i) global offshore wealth remained broadly stable as a fraction of global GDP since 2001, following a sharp increase in the 1980s and 1990s; (ii) the location of offshore wealth changed ...
Bundesarbeitsministerin Bärbel Bas will das Renteneintrittsalter an die Beitragsjahre koppeln. Doch zu einer klugen Reform gehören ganz andere Schritte. Bundesarbeitsministerin Bärbel Bas regt für die geplante Rentenreform an, das Renteneintrittsalter an die Dauer der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung zu koppeln. Einige Ökonomen und Politikerinnen begrüßen den Vorschlag. Was auf den ersten ...
Chlorine is an essential feedstock for polymers and pharmaceuticals, with annual production exceeding 100 Mt. Nearly all Cl2 is obtained by chlor–alkali electrolysis, which consumes about 2.58 MWh of electricity per tonne. Renewable energies such as wind and solar would lower CO2 emissions, but electrolysers would then have to adopt to fluctuating, renewable energies while downstream processes still ...
This study investigated how changing the mode of incentive administration between two panel waves, spaced six months apart, affected longitudinal survey response. A split-ballot incentive experiment was used to compare shifting from an unconditional pre-paid incentive mode in the first wave to a conditional post-paid mode in the second wave, versus consistently using a conditional post-paid mode across ...
